{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:56:24Z","timestamp":1785405384698,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      While typhoid fever affects both sexes at an equal rate, males are at a higher risk for intestinal perforation, which increases mortality. The mechanisms behind the increased morbidity of typhoid fever in human males remain an important but understudied question. Using a 129X1\/SvJ (NRAMP\n                      <jats:sup>+\/+<\/jats:sup>\n                      [\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">SLC11A1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ]) murine model of typhoid chronic infection, we determined that males in this model exhibit increased bacterial burden and mortality in comparison to females (median survival 7 vs 11 days post-infection, respectively). This decreased survival in males was influenced by the diet preceding infection as male mice fed a lithogenic diet, to induce gallstones important to chronic infection, or a normal diet had a lower median survival time, although no difference in the overall probability of survival was observed. We also explored how the systemic immune response may contribute to increased mortality by comparing serum cytokine levels between males and females. Males had higher overall levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and IL-10 and lower levels of IL-27, which are known to inhibit the protective responses to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection. Together, we present the first report that the 129X1\/SvJ murine model of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection responds to infection in a sex-dependent manner, characterized by maladjusted systemic cytokine production and increased bacterial burden in males.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00028-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T13:02:19Z","timestamp":1773234139000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Enhanced\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    mortality in naturally resistant, immunocompetent male mice is associated with an altered systemic immune response"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4341-3473","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aliyah N.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/003rfsp33","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Microbe & Immunity Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital","place":["Columbus, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00rs6vg23","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University","place":["Columbus, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3044-7826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allysa L.","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/003rfsp33","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Microbe & Immunity Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital","place":["Columbus, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00rs6vg23","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University","place":["Columbus, USA"]},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University","place":["Columbus, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2848-8346","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John S.","family":"Gunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/003rfsp33","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Microbe & Immunity Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital","place":["Columbus, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00rs6vg23","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University","place":["Columbus, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00rs6vg23","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University","place":["Columbus, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","unstructured":"Typhoid. 2023 Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/typhoid"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","volume-title":"Typhoid fever","author":"Bhandari J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bhandari J, Thada PK, Hashmi MF, DeVos E. 2024. 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