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Despite the identification of numerous\n              <jats:italic>H. somni<\/jats:italic>\n              virulence factors, little is known about the regulation of such factors. The post-transcriptional regulatory protein Hfq may play a crucial role in regulation of components that affect bacterial virulence. The contribution of Hfq to\n              <jats:italic>H. somni<\/jats:italic>\n              phenotype and virulence was investigated following creation of an\n              <jats:italic>hfq<\/jats:italic>\n              deletion mutant of\n              <jats:italic>H. somni<\/jats:italic>\n              strain 2336 (designated\n              <jats:italic>H. somni<\/jats:italic>\n              2336\u0394\n              <jats:italic>hfq<\/jats:italic>\n              ). A comparative analysis of the mutant to the wild-type strain was carried out by examining protein and carbohydrate phenotype, RNA sequence, intracellular survival in bovine monocytes, serum susceptibility, and virulence studies in mouse and calf models.\n              <jats:italic>H. somni<\/jats:italic>\n              2336\u0394\n              <jats:italic>hfq<\/jats:italic>\n              exhibited a truncated lipooligosaccharide (LOS) structure, with loss of sialylation. The mutant demonstrated increased susceptibility to intracellular and serum-mediated killing compared to the wild-type strain. Transcriptomic analysis displayed significant differential expression of 832 upregulated genes and 809 downregulated genes in\n              <jats:italic>H. somni<\/jats:italic>\n              2336\u0394\n              <jats:italic>hfq<\/jats:italic>\n              compared to\n              <jats:italic>H. somni<\/jats:italic>\n              strain 2336, including significant downregulation of\n              <jats:italic>lsgB<\/jats:italic>\n              and\n              <jats:italic>licA<\/jats:italic>\n              , which contribute to LOS oligosaccharide synthesis and sialylation. A substantial number of differentially expressed genes were associated with polysaccharide synthesis and other proteins that could influence virulence. The\n              <jats:italic>H. somni<\/jats:italic>\n              2336\u0394\n              <jats:italic>hfq<\/jats:italic>\n              mutant strain was attenuated in a mouse septicemia model and somewhat attenuated in a calf intrabronchial challenge model.\n              <jats:italic>H. somni<\/jats:italic>\n              was recovered less frequently from nasopharyngeal swabs, endotracheal aspirates, and lung tissues of calves challenged with\n              <jats:italic>H. somni<\/jats:italic>\n              2336\u0394\n              <jats:italic>hfq<\/jats:italic>\n              compared to the wild-type strain, and the percentage of abnormal lung tissue in calves challenged with\n              <jats:italic>H. somni<\/jats:italic>\n              2336\u0394\n              <jats:italic>hfq<\/jats:italic>\n              was lower than in calves challenged with the wild-type strain. In conclusion, our results support that Hfq accounts for the regulation of\n              <jats:italic>H. somni<\/jats:italic>\n              virulence factors.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00038-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T14:00:59Z","timestamp":1708696859000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Contribution of Hfq to gene regulation and virulence in\n            <i>Histophilus somni<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Dianjun","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bindu","family":"Subhadra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue-Jia","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Merrilee","family":"Thoresen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Cornejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Olivier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amelia","family":"Woolums","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5769-5902","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Inzana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2010.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/82_2015_5008"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/82_2015_5020"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/82_2015_5013"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/82_2015_5011"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/82_2015_5010"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00365-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","first-page":"109","volume-title":"Curr top Microbiol Immunol, 2016\/01\/06 Ed","author":"Corbeil LB","year":"2016","unstructured":"Corbeil LB. 2016. 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