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During invasive infection, highly motile amoebae destroy the colonic epithelium, enter the blood circulation, and disseminate to other organs such as liver, causing liver abscess. Motility is a key factor in\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. histolytica<\/jats:named-content>\n            pathogenesis, and this process relies on a dynamic actomyosin cytoskeleton. In other systems, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            ] is known to regulate a wide variety of cellular functions, including signal transduction, actin remodeling, and cell motility. Little is known about the role of PI(4,5)P\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            in\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. histolytica<\/jats:named-content>\n            pathogenicity. In this study, we demonstrate that PI(4,5)P\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            is localized to cholesterol-rich microdomains, lipid rafts, and the actin-rich fractions of the\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. histolytica<\/jats:named-content>\n            membrane. Microscopy revealed that the trailing edge of polarized trophozoites, uroids, are highly enriched in lipid rafts and their constituent lipid, PI(4,5)P\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            . Polarization and enrichment of uroids and rafts with PI(4,5)P\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            were enhanced upon treatment of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. histolytica<\/jats:named-content>\n            cells with cholesterol. Exposure to cholesterol also increased intracellular calcium, which is a downstream effector of PI(4,5)P\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            , with a concomitant increase in motility. Together, our data suggest that in\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. histolytica<\/jats:named-content>\n            , PI(4,5)P\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            may signal from lipid rafts and cholesterol may play a role in triggering PI(4,5)P\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            -mediated signaling to enhance the motility of this pathogen.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00040-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,2]],"date-time":"2013-04-02T01:20:58Z","timestamp":1364865658000},"page":"2145-2155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Localization of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate to Lipid Rafts and Uroids in the Human Protozoan Parasite Entamoeba histolytica"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Amrita B.","family":"Koushik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhonda R.","family":"Powell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lesly A.","family":"Temesvari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1462399405009622"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.3.1771-1778.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(00)00361-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.112.8.1191"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00719-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.11.4358-4367.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0188-4409(00)00133-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1996.01535.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2003.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0966-842X(96)10033-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81560-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2200345"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90219-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/stke.2001.111.re19"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2009.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"49","article-title":"Signaling and subcellular targeting by membrane-binding domains","volume":"29","author":"Hurley JH","year":"2000","unstructured":"HurleyJHMisraS. 2000. 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