{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T01:37:10Z","timestamp":1793410630203,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]],"date-time":"2010-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1280620800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Biofilm formation plays a multifaceted role in the life cycles of a wide variety of microorganisms. In the case of pathogenic<jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>, biofilm formation in its native aquatic habitats is thought to aid in persistence during interepidemic seasons and to enhance infectivity upon oral ingestion. The structure of<jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>biofilms has been hypothesized to protect the bacteria during passage through the stomach. Here, we directly test the role of biofilm architecture in the infectivity of<jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>by comparing the abilities of intact biofilms, dispersed biofilms, and planktonic cells to colonize the mouse small intestine. Not only were<jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>biofilms better able to colonize than planktonic cells, but the structure of the biofilm was also found to be dispensable: intact and dispersed biofilms colonized equally, and both vastly out-colonized planktonic cells. The infectious dose for biofilm-derived<jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>was orders of magnitude lower than that of planktonic cells. This biofilm-induced hyperinfectivity may be due in part to a higher growth rate of biofilm-derived cells during infection. These results suggest that the infectious dose of naturally occurring biofilms of<jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>may be much lower than previously estimated using cells grown planktonically<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Furthermore, this work implies the existence of factors specifically induced during growth in a biofilm that augment infection by<jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00048-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,2]],"date-time":"2010-06-02T00:49:53Z","timestamp":1275439793000},"page":"3560-3569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":187,"title":["Growth in a Biofilm Induces a Hyperinfectious Phenotype in<i>Vibrio cholerae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Rita","family":"Tamayo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bharathi","family":"Patimalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Camilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.10.6674-6679.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705599104"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(85)90041-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.7.1818-1824.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.4.1251-1256.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.8.3143","volume":"144","year":"1990","unstructured":"Benjamin, W. H., Jr., P. Hall, S. J. Roberts, and D. E. Briles. 1990. The primary effect of the Ity locus is on the rate of growth of Salmonella typhimurium that are relatively protected from killing. J. Immunol.144:3143-3151.","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0407460101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.53.12.2862-2865.1987"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308052101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05096.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_18040671.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.5.1574-1578.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0237386100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.49.100195.003431"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.176.8.2137-2142.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.60.12.4339-4344.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.12.7347"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.59.12.4310-4317.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn044"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.37.12.2522"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.65.5.2025-2031.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-001-1023-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.62.4.1301-1314.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0908446106"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.34.10.1865"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","first-page":"663","volume":"7","year":"1971","unstructured":"Gitelson, S. 1971. Gastrectomy, achlorhydria and cholera. Isr. J. Med. Sci.7:663-667.","journal-title":"Isr. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.2.202"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2004.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","first-page":"e7","volume":"3","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hartley, D. M., J. G. Morris, Jr., and D. L. Smith. 2006. Hyperinfectivity: a critical element in the ability of V. cholerae to cause epidemics? PLoS Med.3:e7.","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.36.9.2054"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04846.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.62.7.2508-2512.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.45.1.275-283.1983"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00997-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(02)00371-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.28.2.546-556.1980"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.15.4864-4874.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.111581598"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.11.6339-6345.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(00)01913-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02122"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.9.3358-3366.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0505350102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1097(03)00164-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1120096"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308707101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00778"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.170.6.2575-2583.1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2004.04000.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.25.2.768-770.1979"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0706352104"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","first-page":"207","volume":"322","year":"2008","unstructured":"Otto, M. 2008. Staphylococcal biofilms. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol.322:207-228.","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1097(03)00879-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.47.3.674-679.1985"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","unstructured":"Cholera vaccine strains derived from a 1991 Peruvian isolate of Vibrio cholerae and other El Tor strains. 1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040329"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(01)36573-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2007.004b"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.23.6746-6751.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.11.2517"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01337-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.56.6.1977-1980.1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.4.2313-2320.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.7.2853-2856.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0147-9571(01)00019-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1377"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.10.3648-3655.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.1.317-323.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(98)75834-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.5.1716-1726.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.7.4028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(03)00295-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-4565.2007.00058.x","volume":"27","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zundel, E., Y. Gallois, E. Constanty, S. M. Roche, F. Mompart, T. Meylheuc, and P. Pardon. 2007. Virulence levels of biofilm-grown Listeria monocytogenes LO28 are lower than those of planktonic cells in an oral inoculation test on mice. J. Food Saf.27:30-42.","journal-title":"J. Food Saf."}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.00048-10","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.00048-10","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]],"date-time":"2024-03-27T06:12:36Z","timestamp":1711519956000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.00048-10"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.00048-10"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.00048-10","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-01-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2010-05-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2010-08-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}