{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T03:21:05Z","timestamp":1790047265379,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]],"date-time":"2016-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Haemophilus ducreyi<\/jats:named-content>\n            causes the sexually transmitted disease chancroid in adults and cutaneous ulcers in children. In humans,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">H. ducreyi<\/jats:named-content>\n            resides in an abscess and must adapt to a variety of stresses. Previous studies (D. Gangaiah, M. Labandeira-Rey, X. Zhang, K. R. Fortney, S. Ellinger, B. Zwickl, B. Baker, Y. Liu, D. M. Janowicz, B. P. Katz, C. A. Brautigam, R. S. Munson, Jr., E. J. Hansen, and S. M. Spinola, mBio 5:e01081-13, 2014,\n            <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/mBio.01081-13\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/mBio.01081-13<\/jats:ext-link>\n            ) suggested that\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">H. ducreyi<\/jats:named-content>\n            encounters growth conditions in human lesions resembling those found in stationary phase. However, how\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">H. ducreyi<\/jats:named-content>\n            transcriptionally responds to stress during human infection is unknown. Here, we determined the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">H. ducreyi<\/jats:named-content>\n            transcriptome in biopsy specimens of human lesions and compared it to the transcriptomes of bacteria grown to mid-log, transition, and stationary phases. Multidimensional scaling showed that the\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            transcriptome is distinct from those of\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            growth. Compared to the inoculum (mid-log-phase bacteria),\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">H. ducreyi<\/jats:named-content>\n            harvested from pustules differentially expressed \u223c93 genes, of which 62 were upregulated. The upregulated genes encode homologs of proteins involved in nutrient transport, alternative carbon pathways (\n            <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n            -ascorbate utilization and metabolism), growth arrest response, heat shock response, DNA recombination, and anaerobiosis.\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">H. ducreyi<\/jats:named-content>\n            upregulated few genes (\n            <jats:italic>hgbA<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>flp-tad<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>lspB-lspA2<\/jats:italic>\n            ) encoding virulence determinants required for human infection. Most genes regulated by CpxRA, RpoE, Hfq, (p)ppGpp, and DksA, which control the expression of virulence determinants and adaptation to a variety of stresses, were not differentially expressed\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            , suggesting that these systems are cycling on and off during infection. Taken together, these data suggest that the\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            transcriptome is distinct from those of\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            growth and that adaptation to nutrient stress and anaerobiosis is crucial for\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">H. ducreyi<\/jats:named-content>\n            survival in humans.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00048-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T03:34:22Z","timestamp":1456803262000},"page":"1514-1525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Haemophilus ducreyi Seeks Alternative Carbon Sources and Adapts to Nutrient Stress and Anaerobiosis during Experimental Infection of Human Volunteers"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Dharanesh","family":"Gangaiah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinjun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beth","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Microbial Pathogenesis in the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate R.","family":"Fortney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concerta L.","family":"Holley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Robert S.","family":"Munson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Microbial Pathogenesis in the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunlong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanley M.","family":"Spinola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"},{"name":"Center for Immunobiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"818","article-title":"Eradicating chancroid","volume":"79","author":"Steen R","year":"2001","unstructured":"Steen R. 2001. Eradicating chancroid. Bull World Health Organ 79:818\u2013826.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","volume-title":"Atlas of sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS","author":"Spinola SM","year":"2010","unstructured":"Spinola SM, Ballard RC. 2010. Chancroid. In Morse SA, Holmes KK, Ballard RC (ed), Atlas of sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS, 4th ed. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA.","edition":"4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(14)70019-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2010.140573"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003496"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003918"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01661-15","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.01661-15","article-title":"Draft whole-genome sequence of Haemophilus ducreyi strain AUSPNG1, isolated from a cutaneous ulcer of a child from Papua New Guinea","volume":"4","author":"Gangaiah D","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gangaiah D, Marinov GK, Roberts SA, Robson J, Spinola SM. 2015. Draft whole-genome sequence of Haemophilus ducreyi strain AUSPNG1, isolated from a cutaneous ulcer of a child from Papua New Guinea. Genome Announc 4:e01661-15.","journal-title":"Genome Announc"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/598966"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.4.2549-2557.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2006.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00372-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.02034-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01081-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00692-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01994-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01239-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00432-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir190"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1314114111"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.3.1483-1487.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2007\/013953-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/314483"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.02096-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp616"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","first-page":"9","article-title":"PAST: paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis","volume":"4","author":"Hammer \u00d8","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hammer \u00d8, Harper DAT, Ryan PD. 2001. PAST: paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontol Electron 4:9.","journal-title":"Palaeontol Electron"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku1223"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.6.1720-1728.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.083899-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(91)90879-B"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2728(01)00233-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2728(97)00034-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2006\/004762-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-147-38275"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.25.13816"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002030050419"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-9-168"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9084(89)90107-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1204201109"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00069"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2836"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2010.00213.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.58.030603.123818"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.18.5445-5448.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-2920.2003.00488.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis525"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.6.2194-2200.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-11-208"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.6.2965-2975.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.4.1874-1884.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.10.5994-6003.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2615"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2011.07751.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit668"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133982"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1415959112"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.8.4488-4493.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.067900-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.022939-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.2.1233-1242.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016419"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2852"}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.00048-16","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.00048-16","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T10:19:54Z","timestamp":1646475594000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.00048-16"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"S. R.","family":"Blanke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.00048-16"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.00048-16","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-01-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-02-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-04-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}