{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T19:37:39Z","timestamp":1793129859335,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Australian Research Council Discovery Project","award":["210103610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["210103610"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05mmh0f86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pasteurella multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                      causes several severe animal diseases, including hemorrhagic septicemia in ungulates. Strains of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                      are differentiated into five capsular and nine lipopolysaccharide genotypes. To date, only\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains that produce capsule types B and E have been recovered from cases of hemorrhagic septicemia. The structure of the type B capsule has recently been determined to be a repeating main chain of N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetyl mannosaminuronic acid (ManNAcA), with a fructose and glycine side chain. In this study, we investigated the role of proteins involved in capsule biosynthesis in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                      strain M1404, a bison hemorrhagic septicemia isolate that produces a type B capsule. Using capsule absorbance assays, Alcian blue stains, and capsule Western blots to assess capsule production and export, as well as in-source collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry to determine capsule structure, we show that BcbC is likely the capsule synthase; BcbE and BcbG are involved in fructose side chain addition, and BcbH is likely the glycine transferase. Furthermore, we show that inactivation of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bcbE<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bcbG<\/jats:italic>\n                      , or\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bcbH<\/jats:italic>\n                      significantly decreases overall capsule production in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                      strain M1404. Additionally, heterologous expression of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bcbABCDI<\/jats:italic>\n                      in a\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                      strain VP161 (type A) capsule mutant allowed production of a repeating GlcNAc-ManNAcA monomer in this strain background that was indistinguishable from the type B main chain, indicating that these genes are necessary and sufficient for synthesis of the main repeating type B polysaccharide.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00049-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T14:04:18Z","timestamp":1786025058000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characterization of\n                    <i>Pasteurella multocida<\/i>\n                    type B capsule biosynthesis proteins"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3852-6518","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thomas R.","family":"Smallman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02bfwt286","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Infection Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University","place":["Victoria, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chantelle M.","family":"Cairns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04mte1k06","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Vaccine and Emerging Infections Research, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council","place":["Ottawa, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"St. 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