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Glycerol and chitobiose are abundantly present in the\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Ixodes<\/jats:named-content>\n            tick.\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            can utilize glycerol as a carbohydrate source for glycolysis and chitobiose to produce\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), a key component of the bacterial cell wall. A recent study reported that Rrp1, a response regulator that synthesizes cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP), governs glycerol utilization in\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            . In this report, we found that the\n            <jats:italic>rrp1<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant had growth defects and formed membrane blebs that led to cell lysis when GlcNAc was replaced by chitobiose in the growth medium. The gene\n            <jats:italic>chbC<\/jats:italic>\n            encodes a key chitobiose transporter of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            . We found that the expression level of\n            <jats:italic>chbC<\/jats:italic>\n            was significantly repressed in the mutant and that constitutive expression of\n            <jats:italic>chbC<\/jats:italic>\n            in the mutant successfully rescued the growth defect, indicating a regulatory role of Rrp1 in chitobiose uptake. Immunoblotting and transcriptional studies revealed that Rrp1 is required for the activation of\n            <jats:italic>bosR<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>rpoS<\/jats:italic>\n            and that its impact on\n            <jats:italic>chbC<\/jats:italic>\n            is most likely mediated by the BosR-RpoS regulatory pathway. Tick-mouse infection studies showed that although the\n            <jats:italic>rrp1<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant failed to establish infection in mice via tick bite, exogenous supplementation of GlcNAc into unfed ticks partially rescued the infection. The finding reported here provides us with new insight into the regulatory role of Rrp1 in carbohydrate utilization and virulence of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00050-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,12]],"date-time":"2013-03-12T00:53:09Z","timestamp":1363049589000},"page":"1775-1787","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Study of the Response Regulator Rrp1 Reveals Its Regulatory Role in Chitobiose Utilization and Virulence of Borrelia burgdorferi"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Ching Wooen","family":"Sze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland and Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, College Park, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Hee","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuli","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland and Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, College Park, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Utpal","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland and Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, College Park, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiming","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunhao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Surveillance for Lyme disease--United States, 1992\u20132006","volume":"57","author":"Bacon RM","year":"2008","unstructured":"BaconRMKugelerKJMeadPS; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2008. 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