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Previous work in<jats:italic>Il3<\/jats:italic>-deficient and c-<jats:italic>kit<\/jats:italic>mutant<jats:italic>Kit<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>W<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>W-v<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>mice indicated that interleukin-3 and c-Kit contribute to expulsion of the intestinal nematode<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Strongyloides venezuelensis<\/jats:named-content>during primary infection. Our findings in mast cell-deficient<jats:italic>Kit<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>W-sh<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>W-sh<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>mice and two types of mast cell-deficient mice that have normal c-<jats:italic>kit<\/jats:italic>(\u201cHello<jats:italic>Kit<\/jats:italic>ty\u201d and MasTRECK mice) confirmed prior work in<jats:italic>Kit<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>W<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>W-v<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>mice that suggested that mast cells play an important role in<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. venezuelensis<\/jats:named-content>egg clearance in primary infections. We also assessed a possible contribution of basophils in immune responses to<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. venezuelensis<\/jats:named-content>. By immunohistochemistry, we found that numbers of basophils and mast cells were markedly increased in the jejunal mucosa during primary infections with<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. venezuelensis<\/jats:named-content>. Studies in basophil-deficient<jats:italic>Mcpt8<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>DTR<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>mice revealed a small but significant contribution of basophils to<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. venezuelensis<\/jats:named-content>egg clearance in primary infections. Studies in mice deficient in various components of immune responses showed that CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells and ILC2 cells, IgG, FcR\u03b3, and, to a lesser extent, IgE and Fc\u03b5RI contribute to effective immunity in primary<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. venezuelensis<\/jats:named-content>infections. These findings support the conclusion that the hierarchy of importance of immune effector mechanisms in primary<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. venezuelensis<\/jats:named-content>infection is as follows: CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells\/ILC2 cells, IgG, and FcR\u03b3&gt;mast cells&gt;IgE and Fc\u03b5RI&gt;basophils. In contrast, in secondary<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. venezuelensis<\/jats:named-content>infection, our evidence indicates that the presence of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells is of critical importance but mast cells, antibodies, and basophils have few or no nonredundant roles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00053-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,7]],"date-time":"2017-03-07T01:40:52Z","timestamp":1488850852000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Differences in the Importance of Mast Cells, Basophils, IgE, and IgG versus That of CD4<sup>+<\/sup>T Cells and ILC2 Cells in Primary and Secondary Immunity to Strongyloides venezuelensis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Kaori","family":"Mukai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA"},{"name":"Sean N. 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