{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T11:04:17Z","timestamp":1788260657481,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,1]],"date-time":"2007-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1185926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Melioidosis is caused by the soil saprophyte<jats:italic>Burkholderia pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>and is endemic in Southeast Asia. The pathogenesis of melioidosis is still largely unknown, although gamma interferon (IFN-\u03b3) seems to play an obligatory role in host defense. Previously, we have shown that IFN-\u03b3 production in melioidosis is controlled in part by interleukin-18 (IL-18). The aim of the present study was to determine the role of IL-18 in the immune response to<jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>. For this the following investigations were performed. (i) Plasma IL-18 and blood monocyte IL-18 mRNA levels were elevated in 34 patients with culture-proven melioidosis compared to the levels in 32 local healthy controls; in addition, IL-18 binding protein levels were markedly elevated in patients, strongly correlating with mortality. (ii) IL-18 gene-deficient (IL-18 knockout [KO]) mice showed accelerated mortality after intranasal infection with a lethal dose of<jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>, which was accompanied by enhanced bacterial growth in their lungs, livers, spleens, kidneys, and blood at 24 and 48 h postinfection, compared to wild-type mice. In addition, IL-18 KO mice displayed evidence of enhanced hepatocellular injury and renal insufficiency. Together, these data indicate that the enhanced production of IL-18 in melioidosis is an essential part of a protective immune response to this severe infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00080-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,22]],"date-time":"2007-05-22T16:39:04Z","timestamp":1179851944000},"page":"3739-3746","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Endogenous Interleukin-18 Improves the Early Antimicrobial Host Response in Severe Melioidosis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"W. 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