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Previous antibody depletion studies suggested that neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes [PMN]) were particularly important for clearance in the liver, but the ability of PMN from susceptible and resistant mice to directly kill<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>has not been examined. In this study, we showed that PMN infiltrated the livers of BALB\/c\/By\/J (BALB\/c) and C57BL\/6 (B6) mice in similar numbers and that both cell types readily migrated toward leukotriene B4 in an<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>chemotaxis assay. However, CFU burdens in the liver were significantly higher in BALB\/c mice than in other strains, suggesting that PMN in the BALB\/c liver might not be able to clear<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>as efficiently as B6 PMN. Unprimed PMN harvested from either BALB\/c or B6 bone marrow killed<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>directly<jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>, and pretreatment with autologous serum significantly enhanced killing efficiency for both.<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>were internalized within 10 min and rapidly triggered intracellular production of reactive oxygen species in a dose-dependent manner. However, PMN from gp91<jats:sup>phox<\/jats:sup>-deficient mice also readily killed<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>, which suggested that nonoxidative killing mechanisms may be sufficient for bacterial clearance. Together, these results indicate that there is not an intrinsic defect in the ability of PMN from susceptible BALB\/c mice to kill<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>and further suggest that if PMN function is impaired in BALB\/c mice, it is likely due to locally produced modulating factors present in the liver during infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00085-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,6]],"date-time":"2018-02-06T09:43:56Z","timestamp":1517910236000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Neutrophils from Both Susceptible and Resistant Mice Efficiently Kill Opsonized Listeria monocytogenes"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Michelle G.","family":"Pitts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Travis A.","family":"Combs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0716-3518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah E. 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