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However, emerging evidence indicates that A\u03b2 also serves a normal physiological role in the innate immune defense against infectious agents. A growing body of literature supports the hypothesis that A\u03b2 is produced in response to infection and is an antimicrobial peptide-like molecule capable of inhibiting microbial growth through mechanisms such as membrane disruption and microbial entrapment. Additionally, evidence positions A\u03b2 as an innate immune effector that can induce pro-inflammatory signals during infection. In this minireview, we discuss the clinical,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      evidence supporting the antimicrobial and innate immune effector roles of A\u03b2 in host defense. Collectively, these findings support a broader functional role for A\u03b2 beyond its established association with Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00085-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T13:50:45Z","timestamp":1782481845000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pathological or preventative? 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