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Propofol anesthesia is widely used in surgery and in intensive care units, and recent evidence indicates that even brief exposure to propofol can substantially increase host susceptibility to microbial infection. Here, we delineate the impact of propofol sedation on MRSA bloodstream infections in mice in the presence and absence of prophylactic antibiotic treatment. Consistent with previous reports, brief periods of anesthesia with propofol were sufficient to significantly increase bacterial burdens and kidney pathology in mice infected with MRSA. Propofol exposure increased neutrophilic infiltrates into the kidney and enhanced bacterial dissemination throughout kidney tissue. Propofol sedation reduced populations of effector phagocytes and mature dendritic cells within the kidney and led to the apparent expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cell-like populations. When propofol was coadministered with vancomycin prophylaxis, it dramatically increased kidney abscess formation and bacterial dissemination throughout kidney tissue at early times post-<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>infection compared to antibiotic-treated but nonsedated animals. Taken together, our data indicate that short-term sedation with propofol significantly increases the severity of bloodstream MRSA infection, even when administered in conjunction with vancomycin prophylaxis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00097-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,2]],"date-time":"2017-05-02T00:20:41Z","timestamp":1493684441000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Propofol Sedation Exacerbates Kidney Pathology and Dissemination of Bacteria during Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Lavanya","family":"Visvabharathy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy E.","family":"Freitag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.12.041"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2011.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2007.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-6553(05)80148-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0902.020232"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000313481107700116"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/591861"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268812001872:1-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5507\/bp.2008.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2013.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-440"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","first-page":"1571","article-title":"Universal glove and gown use and acquisition of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the ICU: a randomized trial","volume":"310","author":"Harris AD","year":"2013","unstructured":"Harris AD Pineles L Belton B Johnson JK Shardell M Loeb M Newhouse R Dembry L Braun B Perencevich EN Hall KK Morgan DJ Shahryar SK Price CS Gadbaw JJ Drees M Kett DH Munoz-Price LS Jacob JT Herwaldt LA Sulis CA Yokoe DS Maragakis L Lissauer ME Zervos MJ Warren DK Carver RL Anderson DJ Calfee DP Bowling JE Safdar N . 2013. 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