{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T23:45:47Z","timestamp":1790552747652,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]],"date-time":"2018-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530403200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012891","name":"Medical Research Charities Group","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MRCG 2014-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MRCG 2014-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012891","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Maynooth University Doctoral award","award":["2016\/7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\/7"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001602","name":"Science Foundation Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12\/RI\/2346(3)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12\/RI\/2346(3)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The pulmonary mucus of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients displays elevated levels of the cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL-37, and the aim of this work was to assess the effect of LL-37 on the growth of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:named-content>\n            , a common pathogen of CF patients. Exposure of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. fumigatus<\/jats:named-content>\n            to LL-37 and its derived fragment RK-31 (1.95 \u03bcg\/ml) for 24 h had a positive effect on growth (199.94% \u00b1 6.172% [\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.05] and 218.20% \u00b1 4.63% [\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.05], respectively), whereas scrambled LL-37 peptide did not (85.12% \u00b1 2.92%). Exposure of mycelium (preformed for 24 h) to 5 \u03bcg\/ml intact LL-37 for 48 h increased hyphal wet weight (4.37 \u00b1 0.23 g,\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.001) compared to the control (2.67 \u00b1 0.05 g) and scrambled LL-37 (2.23 \u00b1 0.09 g) treatments. Gliotoxin secretion from LL-37 exposed hyphae (169.1 \u00b1 6.36 ng\/mg hyphae,\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.05) was increased at 24 h compared to the results seen with the control treatment (102 \u00b1 18.81 ng\/mg hyphae) and the scrambled LL-37 treatment (96.09 \u00b1 15.15 ng\/mg hyphae). Shotgun proteomic analysis of 24-h LL-37-treated hyphae revealed an increase in the abundance of proteins associated with growth (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A [eIF-5A] [16.3-fold increased]), tissue degradation (aspartic endopeptidase [4.7-fold increased]), and allergic reactions (Asp F13 [10-fold increased]). By 48 h, there was an increase in protein levels indicative of cellular stress (glutathione peroxidase [9-fold increased]), growth (eIF-5A [6-fold increased]), and virulence (RNase mitogillin [3.7-fold increased]). These results indicate that LL-37 stimulates\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. fumigatus<\/jats:named-content>\n            growth and that this stimulation can result in increased fungal growth and secretion of toxins in the lungs of CF patients.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00097-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]],"date-time":"2018-04-25T10:43:49Z","timestamp":1524653029000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The Human Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 Promotes the Growth of the Pulmonary Pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Gerard","family":"Sheehan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Mycology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gudmundur","family":"Bergsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Research Division, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont, Co. Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noel G.","family":"McElvaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Research Division, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont, Co. Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emer P.","family":"Reeves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Research Division, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont, Co. Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Kavanagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Mycology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389203053027520"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(96)01199-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V97.12.3951"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.125310"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00023-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.16.9541"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0704380"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI17545"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302574"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2011.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.5.3070"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11201-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803959"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102185"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2010.351"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1616"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2015.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02085-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2009.09.060"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00016-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep38184"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20042099"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-014-3630-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01650-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.9.2206"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.45626-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuv018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/376525"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.27.1.33"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2007\/007641-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2007.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23186"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.163.3.1180-1185.1985"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.5.1710-1714.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01670-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2011.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/BC.2006.187"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:MYCO.0000038434.55764.16"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-09-3421"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.9.3266-3271.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2006.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201203-0478OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00113-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagrm.2015.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060140"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00267-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2010.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01353-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3460423"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.10.3796-3803.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3314\/jjmm.40.217"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1130-1406(05)70001-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.5.1721-1730.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.018192-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.043786-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/pr1012812"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.20.14882"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/pr101065j"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04332"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.O112.021543"}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.00097-18","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.00097-18","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T11:08:55Z","timestamp":1646478535000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.00097-18"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"George S.","family":"Deepe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.00097-18"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.00097-18","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-02-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-04-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-06-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00097-18"}}