{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T14:09:01Z","timestamp":1791468541489,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,1]],"date-time":"2008-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1214870400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            High levels of\n            <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n            , the dominant genus of the healthy human vaginal microbiota, have been epidemiologically linked to a reduced risk of infection following exposure to the sexually transmitted pathogen\n            <jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n            . In this work, a cell culture model of gonococcal infection was adapted to examine the effects of lactobacilli on gonococcal interactions with endometrial epithelial cells in vitro. Precolonization of epithelial cells with\n            <jats:italic>Lactobacillus jensenii<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Lactobacillus gasseri<\/jats:italic>\n            ATCC 33323, or\n            <jats:italic>L. gasseri<\/jats:italic>\n            ATCC 9857 reduced gonococcal adherence by nearly 50%. Lactobacilli also inhibited gonococcal invasion of epithelial cells by more than 60%, which was independent of the effect on adherence. Furthermore, lactobacilli were able to displace adherent gonococci from epithelial cells, suggesting that these organisms have potential as a postexposure prophylactic. Thus, vaginal lactobacilli have the ability to inhibit gonococci at two key steps of an infection, which might have a significant effect in determining whether the gonococcus will be able to successfully establish an infection following exposure in vivo.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00101-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,15]],"date-time":"2008-04-15T00:45:10Z","timestamp":1208220310000},"page":"3124-3130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Inhibition of\n            <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i>\n            Epithelial Cell Interactions by Vaginal\n            <i>Lactobacillus<\/i>\n            Species"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Rachel R.","family":"Spurbeck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics Program"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy Grove","family":"Arvidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics"},{"name":"Genetics Program"},{"name":"Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.2.643-652.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.1997.00250.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.10.5309-5311.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.1.97-101.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.8.4834-4845.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.61.10.4392-4397.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2002.00212.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.27.2.251-256.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.3.729-733.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1985.tb01457.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","first-page":"378","volume":"73","year":"1997","unstructured":"Isbey, S. 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