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Animal models have shown<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>pathogenicity, but long-term outcomes still need to be clarified. We used a whole-body aerosol inhalation exposure system to mimic the natural route of infection in immunocompetent (BALB\/c) and severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. After an initial lung inoculum of 10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup><jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>cells\/lung, the outcome, serological response, hematological disorders, and deep organ lesions were described up to 3 months postinfection.<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>-specific PCR, anti-<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>immunohistochemistry, and fluorescent<jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>hybridization (FISH) targeting<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>-specific 16S rRNA completed the detection of the bacterium in the tissues. In BALB\/c mice, a thrombocytopenia and lymphopenia were first observed, prior to evidence of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>replication. In all SCID mouse organs, DNA copies increased to higher levels over time than in BALB\/c ones. Clinical signs of discomfort appeared in SCID mice, so follow-up had to be shortened to 2 months in this group. At this stage, all animals presented bone, cervical, and heart lesions. The presence of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>could be attested<jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>for all organs sampled using immunohistochemistry and FISH. This mouse model described<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>Nine Mile strain spread using aerosolization in a way that corroborates the pathogenicity of Q fever described in humans and completes previously published data in mouse models.<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>infection occurring after aerosolization in mice thus seems to be a useful tool to compare the pathogenicity of different strains of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00108-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,10]],"date-time":"2016-05-10T03:04:56Z","timestamp":1462849496000},"page":"2116-2123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Mouse Model of Coxiella burnetii Aerosolization"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Cl\u00e9a","family":"Melenotte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France"},{"name":"P\u00f4le des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Clinique et Biologique, F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Bact\u00e9riologie-Hygi\u00e8ne-Virologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Timone, Assistance Publique des H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hubert","family":"Lepidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claude","family":"Nappez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yassina","family":"Bechah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Audoly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Terras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Raoult","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France"},{"name":"P\u00f4le des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Clinique et Biologique, F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Bact\u00e9riologie-Hygi\u00e8ne-Virologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Timone, Assistance Publique des H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabienne","family":"Br\u00e9geon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France"},{"name":"Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Nord, P\u00f4le Cardio-Vasculaire et Thoracique, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2008.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.4.518"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1108.041354","article-title":"Coxiella burnetii genotyping","volume":"11","author":"Glazunova O","year":"2005","unstructured":"Glazunova O, Roux V, Freylikman O, Sekeyova Z, Fournous G, Tyczka J, Tokarevich N, Kovacava E, Marrie TJ, Raoult D. 2005. 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