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Once inside mammalian hosts, these intracellular parasites reside within parasitophorous vacuoles of host cells. Although macrophages are the primary infected cells in lesions,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                      can also infect other cell types, whose roles in maintaining the parasite\u2019s life cycle and contributing to pathogenesis remain unclear. Similarly, the processes governing parasite dissemination from the initial infection site in the skin to internal organs, as well as the mechanisms driving the infection of new cells, are still under investigation. In this review, we underscore some existing gaps in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2019s life cycle, discussing i) the various cell types that serve as host cells for the parasite and their potential roles in the disease, ii) the mechanisms that might contribute to infection amplification, iii) the strategies possibly involved in dissemination and visceralization, iv) the mechanisms driving the generation of super-infective vectors, and v) the occurrence of a mating stage in the cycle. Altogether, these aspects may reshape our perspective on the basic biology of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                      , deepening our understanding of the host-parasite relationship and hopefully opening avenues toward a better understanding of the disease.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00123-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T09:45:11Z","timestamp":1749807911000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["New insights into the life cycle, host cell tropism, and infection amplification of\n                    <i>Leishmania<\/i>\n                    spp."],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Anna Luiza","family":"Silva-Moreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0176yjw32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Artur Metzker","family":"Serravite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0176yjw32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura Val\u00e9ria","family":"Rios-Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0176yjw32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana Perrone Bezerra","family":"de Menezes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04jhswv08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz","place":["Bahia, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria F\u00e1tima","family":"Horta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1564-4645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiago","family":"Castro-Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0176yjw32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2023. 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