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One major characteristic of this disease is the dysregulation of the host immune system. The present study demonstrates that the secretome (excreted-secreted proteins) of\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">T. b. gambiense<\/jats:named-content>\n                    impairs the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced maturation of murine dendritic cells (DCs). The upregulation of major histocompatibility complex class II, CD40, CD80, and CD86 molecules, as well as the secretion of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-10 (IL-10), and IL-6, which are normally released at high levels by LPS-stimulated DCs, is significantly reduced when these cells are cultured in the presence of the\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">T. b. gambiense<\/jats:named-content>\n                    secretome. Moreover, the inhibition of DC maturation results in the loss of their allostimulatory capacity, leading to a dramatic decrease in Th1\/Th2 cytokine production by cocultured lymphocytes. These results provide new insights into a novel efficient immunosuppressive mechanism directly involving the alteration of DC function which might be used by\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">T. b. gambiense<\/jats:named-content>\n                    to interfere with the host immune responses in HAT and promote the infectious process.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00125-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,24]],"date-time":"2013-06-24T22:00:11Z","timestamp":1372111211000},"page":"3300-3308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Secretome Impairs Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Maturation, Cytokine Production, and Allostimulatory Capacity of Dendritic Cells"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Edwin","family":"Garz\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 177, IRD-CIRAD, Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Holzmuller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 177, IRD-CIRAD, Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Bras-Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 177, IRD-CIRAD, Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Vincendeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Universit\u00e9 Victor Segalen Bordeaux II, Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00e9rard","family":"Cuny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 177, IRD-CIRAD, Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Loup","family":"Lemesre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 177, IRD-CIRAD, Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Geiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 177, IRD-CIRAD, Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7357.203"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)60410-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(02)00321-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-002-0766-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200421052"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39485.592674.BE"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2010.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0001-37652006000400004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.131.4.1983","article-title":"Trypanosomal surface coat variant antigen causes polyclonal lymphocyte activation","volume":"131","author":"Diffley P","year":"1983","unstructured":"DiffleyP. 1983. 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