{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:02:23Z","timestamp":1791388943321,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Antibodies against Outer surface protein A (OspA) block tick-to-mammal transmission of the Lyme disease spirochete,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Evidence suggests that antibodies ingested by a tick during a blood meal entrap OspA-expressing\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                      within the tick midgut and prevent spirochete migration to the salivary gland and host dermis. In this study, we employed a recently described Transwell system to quantitate the impact of OspA antibodies on\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                      transmigration. We demonstrate that spirochete movement from the lower Transwell chamber to the upper chamber over a 20-h period was reduced by\n                      <jats:underline>&gt;<\/jats:underline>\n                      99% in the presence of the transmission-blocking mouse monoclonal IgG antibody (mAb) LA-2. In the case of LA-2, transmigration inhibition coincided with the formation of large antibody-induced bacterial aggregates in the lower Transwell chamber, as determined by dark field microscopy and flow cytometry. Further examination of a panel of human OspA mAbs of varying affinities and epitope specificities revealed that virtually all could block\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                      transmigration although most did so in the absence of measurable spirochete agglutination. We propose that transmigration arrest may represent a possible mechanism by which OspA antibodies entrap\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the tick midgut and limit transmission to mammalian hosts.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00128-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T13:30:55Z","timestamp":1776778255000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["OspA antibodies inhibit the\n                    <i>in vitro<\/i>\n                    transmigration of\n                    <i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7064-4239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ankita","family":"Bhattacharyya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/050kf9c55","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health","place":["Albany, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5083-8640","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Mantis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/050kf9c55","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health","place":["Albany, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.90"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.8.3433"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genet.36.041602.134359"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1114362109"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2013.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"What ticks do under your skin: two-photon intravital imaging of Ixodes scapularis feeding in the presence of the lyme disease spirochete","volume":"87","author":"Bockenstedt LK","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bockenstedt LK, Gonzalez D, Mao J, Li M, Belperron AA, Haberman A. 2014. 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