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Strains of\n            <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n            frequently produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, and infections with these strains can lead to relatively high mortality rates (approximately 15%). Other virulence factors include production of an antiphagocytic capsule and outer membrane lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which mediates serum resistance, as well as fimbriae on the surface of the bacteria. Type 1 fimbriae mediate adherence to many types of epithelial cells and may facilitate adherence of the bacteria to the bladder epithelium. Type 3 fimbriae can bind in vitro to the extracellular matrix of urinary and respiratory tissues, suggesting that they mediate binding to damaged epithelial surfaces. In addition, type 3 fimbriae are required for biofilm formation by\n            <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            on plastics and human extracellular matrix; thus, they may facilitate the formation of treatment-resistant biofilm on indwelling plastic devices, such as catheters and endotracheal tubing. The presence of these devices may cause tissue damage, allowing\n            <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n            to grow as a biofilm on exposed tissue basement membrane components. Though in vivo biofilm growth may be an important step in the infection process, little is known about the genetic factors required for biofilm formation by\n            <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            . Thus, we performed signature-tagged mutagenesis to identify factors produced by\n            <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            strain 43816 that are required for biofilm formation. We identified mutations in the\n            <jats:italic>cps<\/jats:italic>\n            capsule gene cluster, previously unidentified transcriptional regulators, fimbrial, and sugar phosphotransferase homologues, as well as genetic loci of unknown function, that affect biofilm formation.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00129-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,22]],"date-time":"2006-07-22T00:24:50Z","timestamp":1153527890000},"page":"4590-4597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Signature-Tagged Mutagenesis of\n            <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i>\n            To Identify Genes That Influence Biofilm Formation on Extracellular Matrix Material"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Jennifer D.","family":"Boddicker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca A.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Jagnow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Clegg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.173.2.916-920.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.177.7.1788-1796.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.38.1.179-182.1982"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.5.2922-2938.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(98)80034-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.169.3.934-938.1987"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.55.2.281-287.1987"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"1655","year":"2001","unstructured":"Clegg, S., and T. 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