{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T10:35:51Z","timestamp":1792665351847,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338508800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Spirochetes have periplasmic flagella composed of a core surrounded by a sheath. The pathogen\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Leptospira interrogans<\/jats:named-content>\n            has four\n            <jats:italic>flaB<\/jats:italic>\n            (proposed core subunit) and two\n            <jats:italic>flaA<\/jats:italic>\n            (proposed sheath subunit) genes. The\n            <jats:italic>flaA<\/jats:italic>\n            genes are organized in a locus with\n            <jats:italic>flaA2<\/jats:italic>\n            immediately upstream of\n            <jats:italic>flaA1<\/jats:italic>\n            . In this study,\n            <jats:italic>flaA1<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>flaA2<\/jats:italic>\n            mutants were constructed by transposon mutagenesis. Both mutants still produced periplasmic flagella. The\n            <jats:italic>flaA1<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant did not produce FlaA1 but continued to produce FlaA2 and retained normal morphology and virulence in a hamster model of infection but had reduced motility. The\n            <jats:italic>flaA2<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant did not produce either the FlaA1 or the FlaA2 protein. Cells of the\n            <jats:italic>flaA2<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant lacked the distinctive hook-shaped ends associated with\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">L. interrogans<\/jats:named-content>\n            and lacked translational motility in liquid and semisolid media. These observations were confirmed with a second, independent\n            <jats:italic>flaA2<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant. The\n            <jats:italic>flaA2<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant failed to cause disease in animal models of acute infection. Despite lacking FlaA proteins, the flagella of the\n            <jats:italic>flaA2<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant were of the same thickness as wild-type flagella, as measured by electron microscopy, and exhibited a normal flagellum sheath, indicating that FlaA proteins are not essential for the synthesis of the flagellum sheath, as observed for other spirochetes. This study shows that FlaA subunits contribute to leptospiral translational motility, cellular shape, and virulence.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00131-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,27]],"date-time":"2012-03-27T03:03:08Z","timestamp":1332817388000},"page":"2019-2025","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":144,"title":["FlaA Proteins in Leptospira interrogans Are Essential for Motility and Virulence but Are Not Required for Formation of the Flagellum Sheath"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Ambroise","family":"Lambert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Unit\u00e9 de Biologie des Spiroch\u00e8tes, Paris, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9, Cellule Pasteur, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Picardeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Unit\u00e9 de Biologie des Spiroch\u00e8tes, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Haake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California\u2014Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasana W.","family":"Sermswan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand"},{"name":"Melioidosis Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amporn","family":"Srikram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melioidosis Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Structural and Functional Microbial Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald A.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Structural and Functional Microbial Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, 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