{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T14:08:28Z","timestamp":1790518108445,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,1]],"date-time":"2015-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1435708800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Vector-borne pathogens are inoculated in the skin of mammals, most likely in the dermis. Despite this, subcutaneous (s.c.) models of infection are broadly used in many fields, including\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Yersinia pestis<\/jats:named-content>\n                    pathogenesis. We expand on a previous report where we implemented intradermal (i.d.) inoculations to study bacterial dissemination during bubonic plague and compare this model with an s.c. model. We found that i.d. inoculations result in faster kinetics of infection and that bacterial dose influenced mouse survival after i.d. but not s.c. inoculation. Moreover, a deletion mutant of\n                    <jats:italic>rovA<\/jats:italic>\n                    , previously shown to be moderately attenuated in the s.c. model, was severely attenuated in the i.d. model. Lastly, based on previous observations where a population bottleneck from the skin to lymph nodes was observed after i.d., but not after s.c., inoculations, we used the latter model as a strategy to identify an additional bottleneck in bacterial dissemination from lymph nodes to the bloodstream. Our data indicate that the more biologically relevant i.d. model of bubonic plague differs significantly from the s.c. model in multiple aspects of infection. These findings reveal adaptations of\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Y. pestis<\/jats:named-content>\n                    to the dermis and how these adaptations can define the progression of disease. They also emphasize the importance of using a relevant route of infection when addressing host-pathogen interactions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00140-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,4]],"date-time":"2015-05-04T21:41:12Z","timestamp":1430775672000},"page":"2855-2861","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Comparison of Models for Bubonic Plague Reveals Unique Pathogen Adaptations to the Dermis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Rodrigo J.","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric H.","family":"Weening","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Chelsea","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia L.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00286"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2622"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/82_2011_169"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2007.00955.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0509544103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050464"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.10.1941"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10549"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0191"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"85","article-title":"A review of plague persistence with special emphasis on fleas","volume":"46","author":"Wimsatt J","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wimsatt J, Biggins DE. 2009. A review of plague persistence with special emphasis on fleas. J Vector Borne Dis 46:85\u201399.","journal-title":"J Vector Borne Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004587"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)62360-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir696"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.05877-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.036640-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.6.3419-3425.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"197","article-title":"The evolution of flea-borne transmission in Yersinia pestis","volume":"7","author":"Hinnebusch BJ","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hinnebusch BJ. 2005. The evolution of flea-borne transmission in Yersinia pestis. 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Intradermal injection, as opposed to subcutaneous injection, enhances immunogenicity and suppresses tumorigenicity of tumor cells. 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