{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:32:00Z","timestamp":1791952320532,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338508800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Helminth parasites ensure their survival by regulating host immunity through mechanisms that dampen inflammation. These properties have recently been exploited therapeutically to treat human diseases. The biocomplexity of the intestinal lumen suggests that interactions between the parasite and the intestinal microbiota would also influence inflammation. In this study, we characterized the microbiota in the porcine proximal colon in response to\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Trichuris suis<\/jats:named-content>\n            (whipworm) infection using 16S rRNA gene-based and whole-genome shotgun (WGS) sequencing. A 21-day\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">T. suis<\/jats:named-content>\n            infection in four pigs induced a significant change in the composition of the proximal colon microbiota compared to that of three parasite-naive pigs. Among the 15 phyla identified, the abundances of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Proteobacteria<\/jats:named-content>\n            and\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Deferribacteres<\/jats:named-content>\n            were changed in infected pigs. The abundances of approximately 13% of genera were significantly altered by infection. Changes in relative abundances of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Succinivibrio<\/jats:named-content>\n            and\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Mucispirillum<\/jats:named-content>\n            , for example, may relate to alterations in carbohydrate metabolism and niche disruptions in mucosal interfaces induced by parasitic infection, respectively. Of note, infection by\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">T. suis<\/jats:named-content>\n            led to a significant shift in the metabolic potential of the proximal colon microbiota, where 26% of all metabolic pathways identified were affected. Besides carbohydrate metabolism, lysine biosynthesis was repressed as well. A metabolomic analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the luminal contents showed a relative absence in infected pigs of cofactors for carbohydrate and lysine biosynthesis, as well as an accumulation of oleic acid, suggesting altered fatty acid absorption contributing to local inflammation. Our findings should facilitate development of strategies for parasitic control in pigs and humans.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00141-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,10]],"date-time":"2012-04-10T00:47:04Z","timestamp":1334018824000},"page":"2150-2157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":179,"title":["Alterations in the Porcine Colon Microbiota Induced by the Gastrointestinal Nematode Trichuris suis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Robert W.","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\/ARS\/ANRI, Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sitao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Biological Systems, University of California, San Diego, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weizhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Biological Systems, University of California, San Diego, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA"},{"name":"The Microbiome Analysis Center, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin D.","family":"Couch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA"},{"name":"The Microbiome Analysis Center, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dolores","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\/ARS\/ANRI, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Joseph F.","family":"Urban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\/ARS\/BHNRC, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"738","article-title":"Response of intestinal epithelial cells to Trichuris suis excretory-secretory products and the influence on Campylobacter jejuni invasion under in vitro conditions","volume":"88","author":"Abner SR","year":"2002","unstructured":"AbnerSR. 2002. Response of intestinal epithelial cells to Trichuris suis excretory-secretory products and the influence on Campylobacter jejuni invasion under in vitro conditions. J. Parasitol. 88:738\u2013745.","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002836"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"1226","article-title":"Whipworms and dysentery in feeder pigs","volume":"161","author":"Batte EG","year":"1972","unstructured":"BatteEGMoncolDJ. 1972. Whipworms and dysentery in feeder pigs. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 161:1226\u20131228.","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"1075","article-title":"Pathophysiology of swine trichuriasis","volume":"38","author":"Batte EG","year":"1977","unstructured":"BatteEGMcLambRDMuseKETallySDVestalTJ. 1977. Pathophysiology of swine trichuriasis. Am. J. Vet. 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