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However, the role of T cell-independent immune responses during primary infection remains unclear. We investigated this question by inoculating wild-type and immune-deficient mice with<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. muridarum<\/jats:named-content>CM001, a clonal isolate capable of enhanced extragenital replication. Genital inoculation of wild-type mice resulted in transient dissemination to the lungs and spleen that then was rapidly cleared from these organs. However, CM001 genital infection proved lethal for<jats:italic>STAT1<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>and<jats:italic>IFNG<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice, in which IFN-\u03b3 signaling was absent, and for<jats:italic>Rag1<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice, which lacked T and B cells and in which innate IFN-\u03b3 signaling was retained. In contrast, B cell-deficient muMT mice, which can generate a Th1 response, and T cell-deficient mice with intact B cell and innate IFN-\u03b3 signaling survived. These data collectively indicate that IFN-\u03b3 prevents lethal CM001 dissemination in the absence of T cells and suggests a B cell corequirement. Adoptive transfer of convalescent-phase immune serum but not naive IgM to<jats:italic>Rag1<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice infected with CM001 significantly increased the survival time, while transfer of naive B cells completely rescued<jats:italic>Rag1<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice from CM001 lethality. Protection was associated with a significant reduction in the lung chlamydial burden of genitally infected mice. These data reveal an important cooperation between T cell-independent B cell responses and innate IFN-\u03b3 in chlamydial host defense and suggest that interactions between T cell-independent antibody and IFN-\u03b3 are essential for limiting extragenital dissemination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00143-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,11]],"date-time":"2018-04-11T12:13:00Z","timestamp":1523448780000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["T Cell-Independent Gamma Interferon and B Cells Cooperate To Prevent Mortality Associated with Disseminated Chlamydia muridarum Genital Tract Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Taylor B.","family":"Poston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine M.","family":"O'Connell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenna","family":"Girardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeanne E.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uma M.","family":"Nagarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Marinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy M.","family":"Scurlock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toni","family":"Darville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.01.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.56.5.1320-1325.1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3344","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.7.3344","article-title":"Immunity to Chlamydia trachomatis is mediated by T helper 1 cells through IFN-gamma-dependent and -independent pathways","volume":"158","author":"Perry LL","year":"1997","unstructured":"Perry LL, Feilzer K, Caldwell HD. 1997. 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