{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:01:47Z","timestamp":1791349307891,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-AI119380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-AI119380"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08-AI113107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08-AI113107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32-GM106999"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32-GM106999"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000861","name":"Burroughs Wellcome Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000861","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            We used a murine model of acute, posttraumatic osteomyelitis to evaluate the virulence of two divergent\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            clinical isolates (the USA300 strain LAC and the USA200 strain UAMS-1) and their isogenic\n            <jats:italic>sarA<\/jats:italic>\n            mutants. The results confirmed that both strains caused comparable degrees of osteolysis and reactive new bone formation in the acute phase of osteomyelitis. Conditioned medium (CM) from stationary-phase cultures of both strains was cytotoxic to cells of established cell lines (MC3TC-E1 and RAW 264.7 cells), primary murine calvarial osteoblasts, and bone marrow-derived osteoclasts. Both the cytotoxicity of CM and the reactive changes in bone were significantly reduced in the isogenic\n            <jats:italic>sarA<\/jats:italic>\n            mutants. These results confirm that\n            <jats:italic>sarA<\/jats:italic>\n            is required for the production and\/or accumulation of extracellular virulence factors that limit osteoblast and osteoclast viability and that thereby promote bone destruction and reactive bone formation during the acute phase of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            osteomyelitis. Proteomic analysis confirmed the reduced accumulation of multiple extracellular proteins in the LAC and UAMS-1\n            <jats:italic>sarA<\/jats:italic>\n            mutants. Included among these were the alpha class of phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs), which were previously implicated as important determinants of osteoblast cytotoxicity and bone destruction and repair processes in osteomyelitis. Mutation of the corresponding operon reduced the cytotoxicity of CM from both UAMS-1 and LAC cultures for osteoblasts and osteoclasts. It also significantly reduced both reactive bone formation and cortical bone destruction by CM from LAC cultures. However, this was not true for CM from cultures of a UAMS-1\n            <jats:italic>psm<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>\u03b1<\/jats:sub>\n            mutant, thereby suggesting the involvement of additional virulence factors in such strains that remain to be identified.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00152-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,29]],"date-time":"2016-06-29T16:26:03Z","timestamp":1467217563000},"page":"2586-2594","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Impact of\n            <i>sarA<\/i>\n            and Phenol-Soluble Modulins on the Pathogenesis of Osteomyelitis in Diverse Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Allister J.","family":"Loughran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 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