{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T23:47:43Z","timestamp":1771372063524,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433116800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Although\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Chlamydia<\/jats:named-content>\n            -induced hydrosalpinx in women and mice has been used as a surrogate marker for tubal infertility, the medical relevance of nontubal pathologies, such as uterine horn dilation, developed in mice following chlamydial infection remains unclear. We now report that the uterine horn dilation correlates with glandular duct dilation detected microscopically following\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Chlamydia muridarum<\/jats:named-content>\n            infection. The dilated glandular ducts pushed the uterine horn lumen to closure or dilation and even broke through the myometrium to develop extrusion outside the uterine horn. The severity scores of uterine horn dilation observed macroscopically correlated well with the number of cross sections of the dilated glandular ducts counted under microscopy. Chlamydial infection was detected in the glandular epithelial cells, potentially leading to inflammation and dilation of the glandular ducts. Direct delivery of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. muridarum<\/jats:named-content>\n            into the mouse uterus increased both uterine horn\/glandular duct dilation and hydrosalpinx. However, the chlamydial plasmid, which is essential for the induction of hydrosalpinx, was not required for the induction of uterine horn\/glandular duct dilation. Screening 12 strains of mice for uterine horn dilation following\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. muridarum<\/jats:named-content>\n            infection revealed that B10.D2, C57BL\/10J, and C57BL\/6J mice were most susceptible, followed by BALB\/cJ and A\/J mice. Deficiency in host genes involved in immune responses failed to significantly alter the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. muridarum<\/jats:named-content>\n            induction of uterine horn dilation. Nevertheless, the chlamydial induction of uterine horn\/glandular duct dilation may be used to evaluate plasmid-independent pathogenicity of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Chlamydia<\/jats:named-content>\n            in susceptible mice.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00154-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T09:46:18Z","timestamp":1427881578000},"page":"2327-2337","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Chlamydia muridarum Induction of Glandular Duct Dilation in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University of China, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhangsheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongbo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University of China, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianlin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University of China, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lingli","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Diagnosis, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University of China, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheena","family":"Rippentrop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University of China, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guangming","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ganqiu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University of China, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/152.6.1275"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3182519326"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"680","article-title":"Evidence of chlamydial infection in infertile women with fallopian tube obstruction","volume":"46","author":"Sharma M","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sharma M, Sethi S, Daftari S, Malhotra S. 2003. 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