{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T01:10:18Z","timestamp":1793149818475,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n Aspartate represents an important proteogenic amino acid in all living organisms. Many microorganisms can produce aspartate through various biosynthetic processes, utilizing it for energy production and as a precursor for synthesizing other biomolecules, such as amino acids and nucleotides. The enteric pathogen\n Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n serovar Typhimurium (\n S<\/jats:italic>\n . Tm) has developed mechanisms to access aspartate as a nutrient source during expansion in the inflamed gut. However, how\n S<\/jats:italic>\n . Tm deals with aspartate starvation during infection remains unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we interrogated\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n \u2019s reliance on the bidirectional aspartate aminotransferase encoded by\n aspC<\/jats:italic>\n for growth\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n and during host colonization using murine models of\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n infection. AspC can interconvert aspartate and the TCA intermediate oxaloacetate and is hypothesized to support\n S<\/jats:italic>\n . Tm cellular demands for aspartate during starvation or support refueling of the TCA cycle via oxaloacetate synthesis. Herein, we find that loss of\n aspC<\/jats:italic>\n results in a gut-specific\n S<\/jats:italic>\n . Tm colonization defect that increases with the course of infection. Importantly,\n aspC<\/jats:italic>\n is dispensable for\n S<\/jats:italic>\n . Tm systemic colonization in CBA\/J mice. Additionally, we report that loss of\n aspC<\/jats:italic>\n results in a significant growth defect during respiration of inflammation-derived electron acceptors\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n . Interruption of oxidative TCA cycle progression via TCA enzyme deletion or supplementation with TCA intermediates (e.g., oxaloacetate) abrogates the defect observed in \u0394\n aspC S<\/jats:italic>\n . Tm\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n , thus suggesting the requirement for AspC to catabolize aspartate and support the TCA cycle during respiration. Altogether, we report that AspC plays a critical role in\n S<\/jats:italic>\n . Tm pathogenesis in a gut-specific manner during inflammation through supporting energy generation.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00161-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T13:43:56Z","timestamp":1774878236000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Aspartate aminotransferase is required for\n Salmonella<\/i>\n expansion in the inflamed gut via TCA anaplerosis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"N. G.","family":"Shealy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05dq2gs74","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center","place":["Nashville, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Baltagulov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05dq2gs74","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center","place":["Nashville, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. F.","family":"Avalos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05dq2gs74","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center","place":["Nashville, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Olivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05dq2gs74","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center","place":["Nashville, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. M.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05dq2gs74","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center","place":["Nashville, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2122-4156","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M. X.","family":"Byndloss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05dq2gs74","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center","place":["Nashville, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05dq2gs74","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center","place":["Nashville, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05dq2gs74","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Vanderbilt Institute of Infection Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center","place":["Nashville, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02vm5rt34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Vanderbilt Microbiome Innovation Center, Vanderbilt University","place":["Nashville, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400021653"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2020.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2974"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21688370.2017.1373208"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat9076"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16013"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00607"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2023.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba3683"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2020.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2024.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092229"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00624-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012869"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291x(86)90479-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00351-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00960-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1922211117\/-\/DCSupplemental"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","volume-title":"WHO estimates of the global burden of foodborne diseases: foodborne disease burden epidemiology reference group 2007-2015","author":"WHO","year":"2015","unstructured":"WHO. 2015. 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