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In the current study, we examined whether the type II-secreted cytotoxin Exotoxin A (ToxA) is required for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      growth and disease severity in infected murine corneas. Using \u0394\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">toxA<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutants and complemented strains on a PAO1 background, we report that although ToxA is produced during corneal infection, ToxA deletion did not significantly affect bacterial replication, neutrophil recruitment, or disease severity in infected corneas. These findings contrast with an earlier study identifying a role for ToxA in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      keratitis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00165-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T14:56:11Z","timestamp":1784732171000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>\n                    exotoxin A is not essential for corneal disease severity or bacterial survival"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8927-9144","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"James D.","family":"Begando","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04gyf1771","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California","place":["Irvine, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9381-780X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michaela E.","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04gyf1771","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California","place":["Irvine, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma Caitlin","family":"Kundracik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/051fd9666","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University","place":["Cleveland, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George R.","family":"Dubyak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/051fd9666","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University","place":["Cleveland, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1556-7064","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Arne","family":"Rietsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/051fd9666","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University","place":["Cleveland, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0137-7582","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eric","family":"Pearlman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04gyf1771","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California","place":["Irvine, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04gyf1771","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of California","place":["Irvine, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.100804"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.0424"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir426"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064867"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2003.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1201447"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08830185.2012.749400"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-1302"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41391-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.02.13.528260"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010306"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01553-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0503005102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth765"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.3.1706-1713.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.3.1383-1390.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","first-page":"1437","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A and keratitis in mice","volume":"43","author":"Pillar CM","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pillar CM, Hobden JA. 2002. 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