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Current GBS prevention efforts include routine GBS perinatal screening and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, which decrease the rate of early-onset neonatal sepsis, but have drawbacks that include impacting the infant\u2019s developing microbiome.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      -dominant vaginal microbiomes provide protection against pathogens such as GBS, and using probiotics as an antibiotic-free approach to limit GBS colonization is of increasing interest. In this study, we investigated the ability of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Lactobacillus crispatus-<\/jats:italic>\n                      loaded electrospun fibers to deliver live\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. crispatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      cells in an\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      vaginal epithelial cell model, modulate GBS infection establishment and persistence, and alter vaginal cell inflammatory signaling. Our data demonstrate that electrospun fibers deliver viable\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. crispatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      to the surface of vaginal epithelial cells and that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. crispatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      modulates vaginal cell inflammatory signaling by decreasing inflammatory IL-8 release and increasing anti-inflammatory IL-1RA secretion during established GBS infection. Treatment of pre-established GBS infection with electrospun fibers with or without\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. crispatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      decreased GBS burden at 24 hours, suggesting\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. crispatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      -dependent and -independent anti-GBS activity, and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. crispatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      elicited an anti-inflammatory response via IL-1RA release. Overall, the data highlight the potential of electrospun fibers as a feasible probiotic delivery platform with antibacterial activity against GBS and which provides commensal lactobacilli capable of modulating host-pathogen interactions and inflammatory signaling of the vaginal epithelium.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00170-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T14:05:26Z","timestamp":1756303526000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Modulation of group B\n                    <i>Streptococcus<\/i>\n                    infection and vaginal cell inflammatory signaling\n                    <i>in vitro<\/i>\n                    by\n                    <i>Lactobacillus crispatus<\/i>\n                    -loaded electrospun fibers"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Nagwa","family":"El-Baz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01ckdn478","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Medicine","place":["Louisville, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Kyser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01ckdn478","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering","place":["Louisville, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Y.","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01ckdn478","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of 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