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However, emerging literature has unveiled a more nuanced and intricate role for these cells, demonstrating their key functions in maintaining mucosal homeostasis. Eosinophils exhibit diverse phenotypes and exert multifaceted effects during infections, ranging from promoting pathogen persistence to triggering allergic reactions. Our investigations primarily focus on\n              <jats:italic>Bordetella<\/jats:italic>\n              spp., with particular emphasis on\n              <jats:italic>Bordetella bronchiseptica<\/jats:italic>\n              , a natural murine pathogen that induces diseases in mice akin to pertussis in humans. Recent findings from our published work have unveiled a striking interaction between\n              <jats:italic>B. bronchiseptica<\/jats:italic>\n              and eosinophils, facilitated by the\n              <jats:italic>btrS<\/jats:italic>\n              -mediated mechanism. This interaction serves to enhance pathogen persistence while concurrently delaying adaptive immune responses. Notably, this role of eosinophils is only noted in the absence of a functional\n              <jats:italic>btrS<\/jats:italic>\n              signaling pathway, indicating that wild-type\n              <jats:italic>B. bronchiseptica<\/jats:italic>\n              , and possibly other\n              <jats:italic>Bordetella<\/jats:italic>\n              spp., possess such adeptness in manipulating eosinophils that the true function of these cells remains obscured during infection. In this review, we present the mounting evidence pointing toward eosinophils as targets of bacterial exploitation, facilitating pathogen persistence and fostering chronic infections in diverse mucosal sites, including the lungs, gut, and skin. We underscore the pivotal role of the master regulator of\n              <jats:italic>Bordetella<\/jats:italic>\n              pathogenesis, the sigma factor BtrS, in orchestrating eosinophil-dependent immunomodulation within the context of pulmonary infection. These putative convergent strategies of targeting eosinophils offer promising avenues for the development of novel therapeutics targeting respiratory and other mucosal pathogens.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00175-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T13:01:19Z","timestamp":1721048479000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Eosinophils as drivers of bacterial immunomodulation and persistence"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Katelyn M.","family":"Parrish","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7417-2460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica C.","family":"Gestal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.02181"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15476286.2020.1727694"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftw073"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04958.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.10.7131"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.4.1718-1725.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07909.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.59.12.4715-4719.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)71657-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.8.4264-4267.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.3.1493-1500.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI24609"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2016-0193PS"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169936"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011193"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-07603-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425920979354"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22169064"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12072"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mpat.2002.0517"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mpat.2001.0432"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010577"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2018.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.113294"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8111808"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000528156"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0150-2021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crimmu.2022.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.3MR1117-436R"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000350338"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/039463201302600308"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V52.3.609.609"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","first-page":"167","article-title":"[Eosinophils. 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