{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T04:24:42Z","timestamp":1778905482537,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]],"date-time":"2010-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1285891200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            CD4\n            <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            CD8\n            <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            (double-negative [DN]) T cells have recently been shown to display important immunological functions in human diseases. They express \u03b3\u03b4 or \u03b1\u03b2 T-cell receptors that recognize lipid\/glycolipid antigens presented via the nonclassical major histocompatibility complex molecules of the CD1 family. We recently demonstrated that while \u03b1\u03b2 DN T cells serve primarily to express inflammatory cytokines, \u03b3\u03b4 DN T cells express mainly interleukin-10 (IL-10) in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. We also demonstrated a correlation between DN T cells and the expression of gamma interferon in the acute phase of\n            <jats:italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n            experimental infection. In this work, we sought to investigate whether \u03b1\u03b2 or \u03b3\u03b4 DN T cells display distinct immunoregulatory potentials in patients with polar forms of human Chagas' disease. Our data showed that\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            infection with\n            <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n            leads to expansion of DN T cells in patients with the indeterminate and severe cardiac clinical forms of the disease. However, while \u03b1\u03b2 DN T cells primarily produce inflammatory cytokines in both forms of the disease, \u03b3\u03b4 DN T cells display a marked, significant increase in antigen-specific IL-10 expression in indeterminate patients relative to cardiac patients. Finally, higher frequencies of the IL-10-producing \u03b3\u03b4 DN T cells were correlated with improved clinical measures of cardiac function in the patients, suggesting a protective role for these cells in Chagas' disease. Taken together, these data show distinct functional characteristics for \u03b1\u03b2 and \u03b3\u03b4 DN T cells associated with distinct morbidity rates and clinical forms in human Chagas' disease.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00179-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,10]],"date-time":"2010-08-10T02:49:13Z","timestamp":1281408553000},"page":"4421-4430","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["<i>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/i>\n            -Induced Activation of Functionally Distinct \u03b1\u03b2 and \u03b3\u03b4 CD4\n            <sup>\u2212<\/sup>\n            CD8\n            <sup>\u2212<\/sup>\n            T Cells in Individuals with Polar Forms of Chagas' Disease"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Fernanda Nobre Amaral","family":"Villani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manoel Ota\u0301vio","family":"da Costa Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Graduate Course, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria do Carmo Pereira","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Graduate Course, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lis Ribeiro do Valle","family":"Antonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Oswald Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luisa Moura\u0303o 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