{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T02:44:57Z","timestamp":1781318697563,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Center of Excellence for Vaccine Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R01GM105245-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01GM105245-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Mycoplasma gallisepticum<\/jats:named-content>\n            , known primarily as a respiratory pathogen of domestic poultry, has emerged since 1994 as a significant pathogen of the house finch (\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Haemorhous<\/jats:named-content>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">mexicanus<\/jats:named-content>\n            ) causing severe conjunctivitis and mortality. House finch-associated\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. gallisepticum<\/jats:named-content>\n            (HFMG) spread rapidly and increased in virulence for the finch host in the eastern United States. In the current study, we assessed virulence in domestic poultry with two temporally distant, and yet geographically consistent, HFMG isolates which differ in virulence for house finches\u2014Virginia 1994 (VA1994), the index isolate of the epidemic, and Virginia 2013 (VA2013), a recent isolate of increased house finch virulence. Here we report a significant difference between VA1994 and VA2013 in their levels of virulence for chickens; notably, this difference correlated inversely to the difference in their levels of virulence for house finches. VA1994, while moderately virulent in house finches, displayed significant virulence in the chicken respiratory tract. VA2013, while highly virulent in the house finch, was significantly attenuated in chickens relative to VA1994, displaying less-severe pathological lesions in, and reduced bacterial recovery from, the respiratory tract. Overall, these data indicate that a recent isolate of HFMG is greatly attenuated in the chicken host relative to the index isolate, notably demonstrating a virulence phenotype in chickens inversely related to that in the finch host.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00185-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,11]],"date-time":"2017-04-11T00:30:30Z","timestamp":1491870630000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Attenuated Phenotype of a Recent House Finch-Associated Mycoplasma gallisepticum Isolate in Domestic Poultry"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Pflaum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Sciences and the Center of Excellence for Vaccine Research, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. R.","family":"Tulman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Sciences and the Center of Excellence for Vaccine Research, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Beaudet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Sciences and the Center of Excellence for Vaccine Research, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X.","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Sciences and the Center of Excellence for Vaccine Research, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. V.","family":"Dhondt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. A.","family":"Dhondt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bird Population Studies, Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. M.","family":"Hawley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. H.","family":"Ley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. M.","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Sciences and the Center of Excellence for Vaccine Research, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. J.","family":"Geary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Sciences and the Center of Excellence for Vaccine Research, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"1423","volume-title":"Diseases of poultry","author":"Raviv Z","year":"2013","unstructured":"Raviv Z Ley DH . 2013. Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection, p 1423. InGlissonJRMcDougaldLRSwayneDENolanLKSuarezDLNairV (ed), Diseases of poultry, 13th ed. 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