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Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an important regulatory cytokine that prevents immunopathology during many\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections; however, this protection comes at the expense of less effective parasite control. This is illustrated by infection with blood-stage\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Plasmodium yoelii<\/jats:italic>\n                      , in which mice exhibit a lower parasite load in the absence of IL-10. However, the immune components that limit parasite burden in the absence of IL-10 remain poorly understood. Abolishing IL-10 led to a predicted increase in T\n                      <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n                      1 polarization and a higher production of IL-12 and interferon-\u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3). However, the enhanced production of these cytokines did not explain the improved parasite control seen in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                        Il10\n                        <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      mice. Loss of IL-10 signaling reduced the accumulation of germinal center B cells and plasmablasts in the spleen, indicating a role for IL-10 in supporting the humoral response. However, although B cells are essential for survival, they do not play a critical role in early parasite control in IL-10-deficient mice. Moreover,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                        Il10\n                        <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      mice lacking IFN-\u03b3 and B cells can limit early parasite expansion, suggesting that IL-10 suppresses host-protective pathways beyond the functions of B cells and IFN-\u03b3 in parasite control.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00196-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T14:04:23Z","timestamp":1786025063000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Early enhanced control of\n                    <i>Plasmodium yoelii<\/i>\n                    infection in IL-10-deficient mice is independent of IFN-\u03b3, IL-12, and the humoral response"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Meghan D.","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00xcryt71","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences","place":["Little Rock, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kara A.","family":"O'Neal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00xcryt71","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences","place":["Little Rock, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheldon L.","family":"Zeltner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00xcryt71","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences","place":["Little Rock, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison R.","family":"Gouch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00xcryt71","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences","place":["Little Rock, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanette M.","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00xcryt71","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences","place":["Little Rock, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2583-0206","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jason S.","family":"Stumhofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00xcryt71","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences","place":["Little Rock, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2024. 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