{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T02:35:17Z","timestamp":1788230117531,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,1]],"date-time":"2007-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1185926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Genome sequencing projects on two relapsing fever spirochetes,\n            <jats:italic>Borrelia hermsii<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Borrelia turicatae<\/jats:italic>\n            , revealed differences in genes involved in purine metabolism and salvage compared to those in the Lyme disease spirochete\n            <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            . The relapsing fever spirochetes contained six open reading frames that are absent from the\n            <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            genome. These genes included those for hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (\n            <jats:italic>hpt<\/jats:italic>\n            ), adenylosuccinate synthase (\n            <jats:italic>purA<\/jats:italic>\n            ), adenylosuccinate lyase (\n            <jats:italic>purB<\/jats:italic>\n            ), auxiliary protein (\n            <jats:italic>nrdI<\/jats:italic>\n            ), the ribonucleotide-diphosphate reductase alpha subunit (\n            <jats:italic>nrdE<\/jats:italic>\n            ), and the ribonucleotide-diphosphate reductase beta subunit (\n            <jats:italic>nrdF<\/jats:italic>\n            ). Southern blot assays with multiple\n            <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n            species and isolates confirmed the presence of these genes in the relapsing fever group of spirochetes but not in\n            <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            and related species. TaqMan real-time reverse transcription-PCR demonstrated that the chromosomal genes (\n            <jats:italic>hpt<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>purA<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>purB<\/jats:italic>\n            ) were transcribed in vitro and in mice. Phosphoribosyltransferase assays revealed that, in general,\n            <jats:italic>B. hermsii<\/jats:italic>\n            exhibited significantly higher activity than did the\n            <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            cell lysate, and enzymatic activity was observed with adenine, hypoxanthine, and guanine as substrates.\n            <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            showed low but detectable phosphoribosyltransferase activity with hypoxanthine even though the genome lacks a discernible ortholog to the\n            <jats:italic>hpt<\/jats:italic>\n            gene in the relapsing fever spirochetes.\n            <jats:italic>B. hermsii<\/jats:italic>\n            incorporated radiolabeled hypoxanthine into RNA and DNA to a much greater extent than did\n            <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            . This complete pathway for purine salvage in the relapsing fever spirochetes may contribute, in part, to these spirochetes achieving high cell densities in blood.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00199-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,15]],"date-time":"2007-05-15T00:58:35Z","timestamp":1179190715000},"page":"3877-3884","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Purine Salvage Pathways among\n            <i>Borrelia<\/i>\n            Species"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Jonas","family":"Pettersson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Zoonotic Pathogens"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merry E.","family":"Schrumpf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Zoonotic Pathogens"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra J.","family":"Raffel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Zoonotic Pathogens"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen F.","family":"Porcella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Technologies Section, Research Technologies Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana 59840"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyril","family":"Guyard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Zoonotic Pathogens"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Zoonotic Pathogens"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank C.","family":"Gherardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Zoonotic Pathogens"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom G.","family":"Schwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Zoonotic Pathogens"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi035723k"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"521","volume":"57","year":"1984","unstructured":"Barbour, A. 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