{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T11:50:18Z","timestamp":1790941818670,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]],"date-time":"2011-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1312156800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Bacillus cereus<\/jats:named-content>\n G9241 was isolated from a welder with a pulmonary anthrax-like illness. The organism contains two megaplasmids, pBCXO1 and pBC218. These plasmids are analogous to the\n Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n Ames plasmids pXO1 and pXO2 that encode anthrax toxins and capsule, respectively. Here we evaluated the virulence of\n B. cereus<\/jats:named-content>\n G9241 as well as the contributions of pBCXO1 and pBC218 to virulence.\n B. cereus<\/jats:named-content>\n G9241 was avirulent in New Zealand rabbits after subcutaneous inoculation and attenuated 100-fold compared to the published 50% lethal dose (LD\n 50<\/jats:sub>\n ) values for\n B. anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n Ames after aerosol inoculation. A\/J and C57BL\/6J mice were comparably susceptible to\n B. cereus<\/jats:named-content>\n G9241 by both subcutaneous and intranasal routes of infection. However, the LD\n 50<\/jats:sub>\n s for\n B. cereus<\/jats:named-content>\n G9241 in both mouse strains were markedly higher than those reported for\n B. anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n Ames and more like those of the toxigenic but nonencapsulated\n B. anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n Sterne. Furthermore,\n B. cereus<\/jats:named-content>\n G9241 spores could germinate and disseminate after intranasal inoculation into A\/J mice, as indicated by the presence of vegetative cells in the spleen and blood of animals 48 h after infection. Lastly,\n B. cereus<\/jats:named-content>\n G9241 derivatives cured of one or both megaplasmids were highly attenuated in A\/J mice. We conclude that the presence of the toxin- and capsule-encoding plasmids pBCXO1 and pBC218 in\n B. cereus<\/jats:named-content>\n G9241 alone is insufficient to render the strain as virulent as\n B. anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n Ames. However, like\n B. anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n , full virulence of\n B. cereus<\/jats:named-content>\n G9241 for mice requires the presence of both plasmids.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00205-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,17]],"date-time":"2011-05-17T01:57:30Z","timestamp":1305597450000},"page":"3012-3019","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Bacillus cereus G9241 Makes Anthrax Toxin and Capsule like Highly Virulent B. anthracis Ames but Behaves like Attenuated Toxigenic Nonencapsulated B. anthracis Sterne in Rabbits and Mice"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Melissa K.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-4799"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Vergis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-4799"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farhang","family":"Alem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-4799"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, Maryland 20910"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea M.","family":"Keane-Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, Maryland 20910"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trupti N.","family":"Brahmbhatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, Maryland 20910"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christy L.","family":"Ventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-4799"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison D.","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-4799"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M611432200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00073-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00884-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00647-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00515-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7600495"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1001029"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.embor.embor849"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.49.2.291-297.1985"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.7.2138-2139.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00561-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.181.15.4485-4492.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402414101"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(73)90266-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.17.2236"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0706.010604"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010986"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","first-page":"100","volume-title":"Epidemic process as a socio-ecological system. 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