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Immune responses were defined in experimental infection studies with BALB\/c mice. Infection with<jats:italic>S. obvelata<\/jats:italic>induced a transient Th2-type immune response with elevated interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13 cytokine production and parasite-specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1). In contrast, BALB\/c mice deficient in IL-13, IL-4\/13, or the IL-4 receptor alpha chain showed chronic disease, with a &gt;100-fold higher parasite burden, increased gamma interferon production, parasite-specific IgG2b, and a default Th2 response. Interestingly, infected IL-4<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>BALB\/c mice showed only slightly elevated parasite burdens compared to the control mice, suggesting that IL-13 plays the dominant role in the control of<jats:italic>S. obvelata<\/jats:italic>. The influence that pinworm infection has on the allergic response to a dietary antigen was found to be important. Helminth-infected mice immunized against ovalbumin (Ova) elicited more severe anaphylactic shock with reduced Ova-specific IL-4 and IL-5 than did noninfected controls, demonstrating that<jats:italic>S. obvelata<\/jats:italic>infection is able to influence nonrelated laboratory experiments. The latter outcome highlights the importance of maintaining mice for use as experimental models under pinworm-free conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00207-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,20]],"date-time":"2006-09-20T23:06:35Z","timestamp":1158793595000},"page":"5926-5932","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Infection with<i>Syphacia obvelata<\/i>(Pinworm) Induces Protective Th2 Immune Responses and Influences Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Reactions"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Chesney","family":"Michels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science Faculty, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IIDMM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prem","family":"Goyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science Faculty, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IIDMM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Nieuwenhuizen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science Faculty, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IIDMM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Brombacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science Faculty, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IIDMM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200103)31:3<851::AID-IMMU851>3.0.CO;2-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(98)70256-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"167","volume":"34","year":"1978","unstructured":"Barriga, O. 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