{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T13:51:34Z","timestamp":1791208294371,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]],"date-time":"2012-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1343779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Shiga toxin-producing\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            (STEC) is a food-borne pathogen with a low infectious dose that colonizes the colon in humans and can cause severe clinical manifestations such as hemolytic-uremic syndrome. The urease enzyme, encoded in the STEC chromosome, has been demonstrated to act as a virulence factor in other bacterial pathogens. The NH\n            <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n            produced as urease hydrolyzes urea can aid in buffering bacteria in acidic environments as well as provide an easily assimilated source of nitrogen that bacteria can use to gain a metabolic advantage over intact microflora. Here, we explore the role of urease in STEC pathogenicity. The STEC urease enzyme exhibited maximum activity near neutral pH and during the stationary-growth phase. Experiments altering growth conditions performed with three phylogenetically distinct urease-positive strains demonstrated that the STEC\n            <jats:italic>ure<\/jats:italic>\n            gene cluster is inducible by neither urea nor pH but does respond to nitrogen availability. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) data indicate that nitrogen inhibits the transcriptional response. The deletion of the\n            <jats:italic>ure<\/jats:italic>\n            gene locus was constructed in STEC strain 88-0643, and the\n            <jats:italic>ure<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant was used with the wild-type strain in competition experiments in mouse models to examine the contribution of urease. The wild-type strain was twice as likely to survive passage through the acidic stomach and demonstrated an enhanced ability to colonize the intestinal tract compared to the\n            <jats:italic>ure<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant strain. These\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            experiments reveal that, although the benefit STEC gains from urease expression is modest and not absolutely required for colonization, urease can contribute to the pathogenicity of STEC.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00210-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,5]],"date-time":"2012-06-05T10:08:47Z","timestamp":1338890927000},"page":"2589-2600","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Contribution of Urease to Colonization by Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Susan R.","family":"Steyert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James B.","family":"Kaper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-7-57"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520170059036"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.177.19.5644-5652.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.120163297"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.2.1026-1030.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01188-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.10.3790-3795.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.11.7252-7258.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01379.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00883-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.5.2269-2277.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/dnares\/8.1.11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.2.1027-1031.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00744-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.15.1758"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","unstructured":"Reference deleted."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro818"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(99)00031-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02392-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00198-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.5.2493-2500.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)90299-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01096-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.172.12.7249-7255.1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.2.637-643.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-6-39"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010082"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.59.3.451-480.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2010.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/258185"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2199-4-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","unstructured":"Reference deleted."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.27280-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.12.4541-4543.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2006.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.10.5742-5748.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.7.1622-1627.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35054089"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.9.e45"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.65.3.422-444.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198303243081203"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01244-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00406-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(87)90095-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00922-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01138-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268807008771"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.86.8_Pt_1.1142"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268898001976"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00099-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60252a045"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","unstructured":"Reference deleted."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.179.17.5494-5501.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.22.6487-6495.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.26.14674"}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.00210-12","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.00210-12","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T12:16:47Z","timestamp":1646482607000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.00210-12"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"S. M.","family":"Payne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.00210-12"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.00210-12","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-02-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-05-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-07-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}