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Despite the existence of many alleles of\n            <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2019s\n            <jats:italic>sensu stricto<\/jats:italic>\n            outer surface protein C (\n            <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic>\n            ) gene, most human infections are caused by a small number of\n            <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic>\n            alleles [\u201chuman infectious alleles\u201d (HIAs)], suggesting variation in host specificity associated with\n            <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic>\n            . To characterize the wildlife host association of\n            <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2019s\n            <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic>\n            alleles, we used metagenomics to sequence\n            <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic>\n            alleles from 68 infected individuals belonging to eight mammalian species trapped at three sites in suburban New Brunswick, New Jersey (USA). We found that multiple allele (\u201cmixed\u201d) infections were common. HIAs were most common in mice (\n            <jats:italic>Peromyscus<\/jats:italic>\n            spp.) and only one HIA was detected at a site where mice were rarely captured.\n            <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic>\n            allele U was exclusively found in chipmunks (\n            <jats:italic>Tamias striatus<\/jats:italic>\n            ), and although a significant number of different alleles were observed in chipmunks, including HIAs, allele U never co-occurred with other alleles in mixed infections. Our results suggest that allele U may be excluding other alleles, thereby reducing the capacity of chipmunks to act as reservoirs for HIAs.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00244-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T14:00:15Z","timestamp":1702648815000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Diversity and host specificity of\n            <i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i>\n            \u2019s outer surface protein C (\n            <i>ospC<\/i>\n            ) alleles in synanthropic mammals, with a notable\n            <i>ospC<\/i>\n            allele U absence from mixed infections"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Scarlet A.","family":"Shifflett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2034-4121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco C.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vector Biology, Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1517-4559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vector Biology, Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alvaro","family":"Toledo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vector Biology, Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dina 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