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Caroline Engle Distinguished Professor in Infectious Diseases Award"},{"name":"Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ticks are obligate hematophagous parasites and pathogen vectors responsible for morbidity and mortality worldwide.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ixodes scapularis<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a vector for at least seven pathogens relevant to human and animal health, including the Lyme disease microbe,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and the causative agent of anaplasmosis,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Anaplasma phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Tick-host interactions affect the maintenance of tick-borne pathogens in a population. Here, we report that repeated\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">I. scapularis<\/jats:italic>\n                      larval infestations on the wild host species\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Peromyscus leucopus<\/jats:italic>\n                      lead to immune-mediated rejection of the tick, a phenomenon termed acquired tick resistance (ATR). On previously infested mice, we observed that larval feeding success was reduced by over 50%, and fed larvae had decreased blood meal weights compared to larvae fed on na\u00efve hosts. Over sequential infestations, mice exhibited increasingly severe inflammation at tick bite sites characterized by an influx of basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, and T lymphocytes. Larvae fed on sensitized mice ingested higher quantities of host leukocytes when compared to ticks fed on na\u00efve hosts, which rarely ingested nucleated cells. When challenged with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                      or\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n                      , larvae fed on sensitized mice ingested more bacteria. Altogether, we demonstrate that reservoir host species develop ATR against larval\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">I. scapularis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , which reduces tick feeding success and affects pathogen ingestion by larvae. These results indicate that ATR could impact\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ixodes<\/jats:italic>\n                      population dynamics, prevalence of infected ticks, and pathogen circulation in the wild.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00246-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T14:23:22Z","timestamp":1756909402000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Acquired tick resistance in\n                    <i>Peromyscus leucopus<\/i>\n                    alters\n                    <i>Ixodes scapularis<\/i>\n                    infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Elis A.","family":"Fisk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05dk0ce17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University","place":["Pullman, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05dk0ce17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University","place":["Pullman, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassie J.","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05dk0ce17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University","place":["Pullman, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin L.","family":"Rosche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05dk0ce17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University","place":["Pullman, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Ramirez-Zepp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05dk0ce17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University","place":["Pullman, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7830-435X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jeffrey R.","family":"Abbott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05dk0ce17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University","place":["Pullman, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05dk0ce17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University","place":["Pullman, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeb P.","family":"Owen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05dk0ce17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Entomology, Washington State University","place":["Pullman, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5212-2494","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dana K.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05dk0ce17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University","place":["Pullman, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"CDC. 2024. 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