{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T23:19:28Z","timestamp":1790378368740,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723507200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007546","name":"Agence Nationale de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007546","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ecole nationale v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d'Alfort"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022077","name":"Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022077","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Laboratoire d'Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases","award":["ANR-10-LABEX-62-IBEID"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-LABEX-62-IBEID"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n              Ticks are important vectors of disease, particularly in the context of One Health, where tick-borne diseases (TBDs) are increasingly prevalent worldwide. TBDs often involve co-infections, where multiple pathogens co-exist in a single host. Patients with chronic Lyme disease often have co-infections with other bacteria or parasites. This study aimed to create a co-infection model with\n              <jats:italic>Borrelia afzelii<\/jats:italic>\n              and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in C3H mice and to evaluate symptoms, mortality, and pathogen level compared to single infections. Successful co-infection of C3H mice with\n              <jats:italic>B. afzelii<\/jats:italic>\n              and TBEV was achieved. Outcomes varied, depending on the timing of infection. When TBEV infection followed\n              <jats:italic>B. afzelii<\/jats:italic>\n              infection by 9 days, TBEV symptoms worsened and virus levels increased. Conversely, mice infected 21 days apart with TBEV showed milder symptoms and lower mortality. Simultaneous infection resulted in mild symptoms and no deaths. However, our model did not effectively infect ticks with TBEV, possibly due to suboptimal dosing, highlighting the challenges of replicating natural conditions. Understanding the consequences of co-infection is crucial, given the increasing prevalence of TBD. Co-infected individuals may experience exacerbated symptoms, highlighting the need for a comprehensive understanding through refined animal models. This study advances knowledge of TBD and highlights the importance of exploring co-infection dynamics in host-pathogen interactions.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00249-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T13:22:20Z","timestamp":1720704140000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Co-infection dynamics of\n            <i>B. afzelii<\/i>\n            and TBEV in C3H mice: insights and implications for future research"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1645-1917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Porcelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d\u2019Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Sant\u00e9 Animale , Maisons-Alfort, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Heckmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d\u2019Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Sant\u00e9 Animale , Maisons-Alfort, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre Lucien","family":"Deshuillers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d\u2019Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Sant\u00e9 Animale , Maisons-Alfort, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Wu-Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d\u2019Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Sant\u00e9 Animale , Maisons-Alfort, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clem\u00e9nce","family":"Galon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d\u2019Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Sant\u00e9 Animale , Maisons-Alfort, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lourdes","family":"Mateos-Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d\u2019Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Sant\u00e9 Animale , Maisons-Alfort, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Rakotobe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d\u2019Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Sant\u00e9 Animale , Maisons-Alfort, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laetitia","family":"Canini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIMIM, Laboratoire de Sant\u00e9 Animale, Anses, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d\u2019Alfort , Maisons-Alfort, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6932-0940","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ryan O. 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