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There are over 2,600 serovars that cause a range of disease manifestations ranging from enterocolitis to typhoid fever. While there are two vaccines in use in humans to protect against typhoid fever, there are none that prevent enterocolitis. If vaccines preventing enterocolitis were to be developed, they would likely protect against only one or a few serovars. In this report, we tested the hypothesis that probiotic organisms could compete for the preferred nutrient sources of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella<\/jats:named-content>\n            and thus prevent or treat infection. To this end, we added the\n            <jats:italic>fra<\/jats:italic>\n            locus, which encodes a utilization pathway for the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella<\/jats:named-content>\n            -specific nutrient source fructose-asparagine (F-Asn), to the probiotic bacterium\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            Nissle 1917 (Nissle) to increase its ability to compete with\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella<\/jats:named-content>\n            in mouse models. We also tested a metabolically competent, but avirulent,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella enterica<\/jats:named-content>\n            serovar Typhimurium mutant for its ability to compete with wild-type\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella<\/jats:named-content>\n            . The modified Nissle strain became more virulent and less able to protect against\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella<\/jats:named-content>\n            in some instances. On the other hand, the modified\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella<\/jats:named-content>\n            strain was safe and effective in preventing infection with wild-type\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella<\/jats:named-content>\n            . While we tested for efficacy only against\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella<\/jats:named-content>\n            Typhimurium, the modified\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella<\/jats:named-content>\n            strain may be able to compete metabolically with most, if not all,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella<\/jats:named-content>\n            serovars, representing a novel approach to control of this pathogen.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00250-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,17]],"date-time":"2016-05-17T02:29:30Z","timestamp":1463452170000},"page":"2131-2140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Use of Attenuated but Metabolically Competent Salmonella as a Probiotic To Prevent or Treat Salmonella Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Anice","family":"Sabag-Daigle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry M.","family":"Blunk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan F.","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brandi L.","family":"Steidley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prosper N.","family":"Boyaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian M. 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