{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T03:26:58Z","timestamp":1772162818978,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,1]],"date-time":"2007-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1183248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The cytokine interplay during the development of protective immunity to the radiation-attenuated (RA) schistosome vaccine has been extensively characterized over recent years, yet the role of costimulatory molecules in the development of cell-mediated immunity is much less well understood. Here we demonstrate the importance of CD40\/CD154 in vaccine-induced immunity, as CD154\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice exposed to RA schistosomes develop no protection to challenge infection. We showed that vaccinated CD154\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice have defective Th1-associated immune responses in the skin-draining lymph nodes and the lungs, with reduced or absent levels of interleukin-12p40 (IL-12p40), gamma interferon, and nitric oxide, but elevated levels of lung IL-4 and IL-5. The expression of major histocompatibility complex II (MHC-II) on antigen-presenting cells recovered from the lungs of vaccinated CD154\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice was also severely compromised. The administration of anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody (MAb) to CD154\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice did not reconstitute sustained Th1 responses in the lymph nodes or the lungs, nor did the MAb restore anti-parasite immunoglobulin G production or protective immunity. On the other hand, the administration of recombinant IL-12 (rIL-12) to CD154\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice shortly after vaccination caused elevated and sustained levels of Th1-associated cytokines, rescued MHC-II expression by lung CD11c\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells, and restored the appearance of inflammatory effector foci in the lungs. However, the treatment of CD154\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice with rIL-12 did not restore protection. We conclude that protective immunity to the RA schistosome vaccine is CD154 dependent but is independent of IL-12-orchestrated cellular immune mechanisms in the lungs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00252-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,7]],"date-time":"2007-05-07T20:25:39Z","timestamp":1178569539000},"page":"3539-3547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["In the Absence of CD154, Administration of Interleukin-12 Restores Th1 Responses but Not Protective Immunity to\n                    <i>Schistosoma mansoni<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"James P.","family":"Hewitson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5YW, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Hamblin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biopharmaceutical CEDD, GlaxoSmithKline, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian P.","family":"Mountford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5YW, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.1999.00661.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199809)28:09<2827::AID-IMMU2827>3.0.CO;2-K"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.20.3.3317"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2004.12.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80436-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.4.1263"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.152.4.1523","volume":"152","year":"1994","unstructured":"Cayabyab, M., J. 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