{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:42:10Z","timestamp":1789580530220,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697500800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Protection against lethal\n            <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>Ca<\/jats:italic>\n            )\/\n            <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>Sa<\/jats:italic>\n            ) intra-abdominal infection (IAI)-mediated sepsis can be achieved by a novel form of trained innate immunity (TII) involving Gr-1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that are induced by inoculation (immunization) with low virulence\n            <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n            species [i.e.,\n            <jats:italic>Candida dubliniensis<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>Cd<\/jats:italic>\n            )] that infiltrate the bone marrow (BM). In contrast, more virulent\n            <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n            species (i.e.,\n            <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n            ), even at sub-lethal inocula, fail to induce similar levels of protection. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the level of TII-mediated protection induced by\n            <jats:italic>Ca<\/jats:italic>\n            strains inversely correlates with damage in the BM as a reflection of virulence. Mice were immunized by intraperitoneal inoculation with several parental and mutant strains of\n            <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n            deficient in virulence factors (hyphal formation and candidalysin production), followed by an intraperitoneal\n            <jats:italic>Ca\/Sa<\/jats:italic>\n            challenge 14 d later and monitored for sepsis and mortality. Whole femur bones were collected 24 h and 13 d after immunization and assessed for BM tissue\/cellular damage via ferroptosis and histology. While immunization with standard but not sub-lethal inocula of most wild-type\n            <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n            strains resulted in considerable mortality, protection against lethal\n            <jats:italic>Ca<\/jats:italic>\n            \/\n            <jats:italic>Sa<\/jats:italic>\n            IAI challenge varied by strain was usually less than that for\n            <jats:italic>C. dubliniensis<\/jats:italic>\n            , with no differences observed between parental and corresponding mutants. Finally, levels of protection afforded by the\n            <jats:italic>Ca<\/jats:italic>\n            strains were inversely correlated with BM tissue damage (\n            <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n            = \u22120.773). TII-mediated protection against lethal\n            <jats:italic>Ca\/Sa<\/jats:italic>\n            sepsis induced by\n            <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n            strain immunization inversely correlates with BM tissue\/cellular damage as a reflection of localized virulence.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00252-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T13:02:26Z","timestamp":1694610146000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Protection against lethal sepsis following immunization with\n            <i>Candida<\/i>\n            species varies by isolate and inversely correlates with bone marrow tissue damage"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Lilly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Breah E.","family":"Bender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mairi C.","family":"Noverr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8066-5763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul L.","family":"Fidel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Dentistry , New Orleans, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1413-86702004000200001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","first-page":"927","article-title":"Peritonitis: pathophysiology and local defense mechanisms","volume":"44","author":"Heemken R","year":"1997","unstructured":"Heemken R , Gandawidjaja L , Hau T . 1997. 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