{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T22:16:40Z","timestamp":1790720200223,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,8]],"date-time":"2015-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1436313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]],"date-time":"2015-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438387200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            bacteremia cases are complicated by bacterial persistence and treatment failure despite the confirmed\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            susceptibility of the infecting strain to administered antibiotics. A high incidence of methicillin-resistant\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            (MRSA) bacteremia cases are classified as persistent and are associated with poorer patient outcomes. It is still unclear how\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            evades the host immune system and resists antibiotic treatment for the prolonged duration of a persistent infection. In this study, the genetic changes and associated phenotypic traits specific to\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            persistent bacteremia were identified by comparing temporally dispersed isolates from persistent infections (persistent isolates) originating from two independent persistent\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            bacteremia cases with the initial infection isolates and with three resolved\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            bacteremia isolates from the same genetic background. Several novel traits were associated specifically with both independent sets of persistent\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates compared to both the initial isolates and the isolates from resolved infections (resolved isolates). These traits included (i) increased growth under nutrient-poor conditions; (ii) increased tolerance of iron toxicity; (iii) higher expression of cell surface proteins involved in immune evasion and stress responses; and (iv) attenuated virulence in a\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Galleria mellonella<\/jats:named-content>\n            larva infection model that was not associated with small-colony variation or metabolic dormancy such as had been seen previously. Whole-genome sequence analysis identified different single nucleotide mutations within the\n            <jats:italic>mprF<\/jats:italic>\n            genes of all the isolates with the adaptive persistence traits from both independent cases. Overall, our data indicate a novel role for MprF function during development of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            persistence by increasing bacterial fitness and immune evasion.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00255-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,10]],"date-time":"2015-06-10T19:10:03Z","timestamp":1433963403000},"page":"3311-3324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Persistent Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Two Independent Cases of Bacteremia Display Increased Bacterial Fitness and Novel Immune Evasion Phenotypes"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"R. L.","family":"Richards","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Infection, Immunity of Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. D.","family":"Haigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Infection, Immunity of Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Pascoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Life Science, Swansea University College of Medicine, Swansea, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. 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A.","family":"Morrissey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Infection, Immunity of Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/599119"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200306000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08713-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"Public Health England (PHE). 2012. Voluntary reporting of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia in England Wales and Northern Ireland 2012. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/342872\/S__aureus_bacteraemia_in_England_Wales_and_Northern_Ireland_2012_FINAL.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"PHE. 2013. 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