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Infectious disease-bearing vector ticks are thought to possess specific defense molecules against the transmitted pathogens that have been acquired during their evolution. We found in the tick<jats:italic>Haemaphysalis longicornis<\/jats:italic>a novel parasiticidal peptide named longicin that may have evolved from a common ancestral peptide resembling spider and scorpion toxins.<jats:italic>H. longicornis<\/jats:italic>is the primary vector for<jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic>sp. parasites in Japan. Longicin also displayed bactericidal and fungicidal properties that resemble those of defensin homologues from invertebrates and vertebrates. Longicin showed a remarkable ability to inhibit the proliferation of merozoites, an erythrocyte blood stage of equine<jats:italic>Babesia equi<\/jats:italic>, by killing the parasites. Longicin was localized at the surface of the<jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic>sp. parasites, as demonstrated by confocal microscopic analysis. In an in vivo experiment, longicin induced significant reduction of parasitemia in animals infected with the zoonotic and murine<jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic>. Moreover, RNA interference data demonstrated that endogenous longicin is able to directly kill the canine<jats:italic>B. gibsoni<\/jats:italic>, thus indicating that it may play a role in regulating the vectorial capacity in the vector tick<jats:italic>H. longicornis<\/jats:italic>. Theoretically, longicin may serve as a model for the development of chemotherapeutic compounds against tick-borne disease organisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00256-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,8]],"date-time":"2007-05-08T00:25:39Z","timestamp":1178583939000},"page":"3633-3640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Babesial Vector Tick Defensin against<i>Babesia<\/i>sp. 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