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Additionally,<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. bronchiseptica<\/jats:named-content>is capable of establishing long-term or chronic infections in swine. Bacterial biofilms are increasingly recognized as important contributors to chronic bacterial infections. Recently the polysaccharide locus<jats:italic>bpsABCD<\/jats:italic>has been demonstrated to serve a critical role in the development of mature biofilms formed by the sequenced laboratory strain of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. bronchiseptica<\/jats:named-content>. We hypothesized that swine isolates would also have the ability to form mature biofilms and the<jats:italic>bpsABCD<\/jats:italic>locus would serve a key role in this process. A mutant containing an in-frame deletion of the<jats:italic>bpsABCD<\/jats:italic>structural genes was constructed in a wild-type swine isolate and found to be negative for poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG)-like material by immunoblot assay. Further, the<jats:italic>bpsABCD<\/jats:italic>locus was found to be required for the development and maintenance of the three-dimensional structures under continuous-flow conditions. To investigate the contribution of the<jats:italic>bpsABCD<\/jats:italic>locus to the pathogenesis of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. bronchiseptica<\/jats:named-content>in swine, the KM22\u0394<jats:italic>bps<\/jats:italic>mutant was compared to the wild-type swine isolate for the ability to colonize and cause disease in pigs. The<jats:italic>bpsABCD<\/jats:italic>locus was found to not be required for persistence in the upper respiratory tract of swine. Additionally, the<jats:italic>bpsABCD<\/jats:italic>locus did not affect the development of anti-<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Bordetella<\/jats:named-content>humoral immunity, did not contribute to disease severity, and did not mediate protection from complement-mediated killing. However, the<jats:italic>bpsABCD<\/jats:italic>locus was found to enhance survival in the lower respiratory tract of swine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00261-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,31]],"date-time":"2017-05-31T00:30:31Z","timestamp":1496190631000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The Bordetella Bps Polysaccharide Is Required for Biofilm Formation and Enhances Survival in the Lower Respiratory Tract of Swine"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Tracy L.","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ames, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan L.","family":"Brockmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ames, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neelima","family":"Sukumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4743-0406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra E.","family":"Paharik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Lister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander R.","family":"Horswill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"},{"name":"Department of Veterans Affairs Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Marcus E.","family":"Kehrli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ames, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Crystal L.","family":"Loving","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ames, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Shore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ames, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajendar","family":"Deora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"467","article-title":"Pathology of experimental Bordetella bronchiseptica infection in swine: pneumonia","volume":"27","author":"Duncan JR","year":"1966","unstructured":"Duncan JR Ramsey RK Switzer WP . 1966. 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