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Even though more than 50% of all sequenced prokaryotic genomes possess at least one chemotaxis signaling system, many of those genomes contain multiple copies of a chemotaxis gene. However, the functions of most of those additional genes are unknown. Most motile bacteria possess at least one CheY response regulator that is typically dedicated to the control of motility and which is usually essential for virulence.\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            appears to be notably different, in that it has three\n            <jats:italic>cheY<\/jats:italic>\n            genes, and our current studies on\n            <jats:italic>cheY2<\/jats:italic>\n            suggests that it has varied effects on different aspects of the natural infection cycle. Mutants deficient in this protein exhibit normal motility and chemotaxis\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            but show reduced virulence in mice. Specifically, the\n            <jats:italic>cheY2<\/jats:italic>\n            mutants were severely attenuated in murine infection and dissemination to distant tissues after needle inoculation. Moreover, while \u0394\n            <jats:italic>cheY2<\/jats:italic>\n            spirochetes are able to survive normally in the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Ixodes<\/jats:named-content>\n            ticks, mice fed upon by the \u0394\n            <jats:italic>cheY2<\/jats:italic>\n            -infected ticks did not develop a persistent infection in the murine host. Our data suggest that CheY2, despite resembling a typical response regulator, functions distinctively from most other chemotaxis CheY proteins. We propose that CheY2 serves as a regulator for a\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            virulence determinant that is required for productive infection within vertebrate, but not tick, hosts.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00264-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T01:12:21Z","timestamp":1477962741000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Borrelia burgdorferi CheY2 Is Dispensable for Chemotaxis or Motility but Crucial for the Infectious Life Cycle of the Spirochete"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed","family":"Sultan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Yerke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ki Hwan","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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