{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T03:48:23Z","timestamp":1789444103423,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1172707200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We evaluated cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses in mice given a pulmonary infection with a\n                    <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain engineered to produce the Th1-type cytokine gamma interferon (IFN-\u03b3). Mice given a pulmonary infection with an IFN-\u03b3-producing\n                    <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain were able to resolve the primary infection and demonstrated complete (100%) protection against a second pulmonary challenge with a pathogenic\n                    <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain. Pulmonary cytokine analyses showed that Th1-type\/proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression were significantly higher and Th2-type cytokine expression was significantly lower in mice infected with the IFN-\u03b3-producing\n                    <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain compared to wild-type-infected mice. This increased pulmonary Th1-type cytokine expression was also associated with significantly lower pulmonary fungal burden and significantly higher pulmonary leukocyte and T-lymphocyte recruitment in mice infected with the IFN-\u03b3-producing\n                    <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain compared to wild-type-infected mice. Our results demonstrate that pulmonary infection of mice with a\n                    <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain expressing IFN-\u03b3 results in the stimulation of local Th1-type anti-cryptococcal CMI responses and the development of protective host immunity against future pulmonary cryptococcal infections. The use of fungi engineered to produce host cytokines is a novel method to study immune responses to infection and may be useful in developing vaccine strategies in humans.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00274-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,8]],"date-time":"2007-01-08T20:25:14Z","timestamp":1168287914000},"page":"1453-1462","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":179,"title":["Protection against Cryptococcosis by Using a Murine Gamma Interferon-Producing\n                    <i>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/i>\n                    Strain"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"75","author":[{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Floyd L.","family":"Wormley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Perfect","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chad","family":"Steele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary M.","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.5.1725-1731.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.10.6346"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/142.6_Pt_1.1313"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198909213211205"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.3.460"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830220617"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"883","volume":"4","year":"1995","unstructured":"Collins, V. 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