{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T12:08:12Z","timestamp":1775045292473,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/ASMCopyrightv2"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697500800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n            species are a leading cause of pediatric diarrheal disease and death in low- and middle-income countries and pose a particular threat to immunocompromised individuals. As a zoonotic pathogen,\n            <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n            can have devastating effects on the health of neonatal calves. Despite its impact on human and animal health, consistently effective drug treatments for cryptosporidiosis are lacking and no vaccine is available. We previously showed that\n            <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>\n            mucin-like glycoproteins, gp40, and gp900 express an epitope identified by a monoclonal antibody 4E9. 4E9 neutralized\n            <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>\n            infection\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            as did glycan-binding proteins specific for the Tn antigen (GalNAc-\u03b11-S\/T). Here, we show that 4E9 ameliorates disease\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            in a calf challenge model. The 4E9 epitope is present on\n            <jats:italic>C. hominis<\/jats:italic>\n            in addition to\n            <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>\n            gp40 and gp900 and localizes to the plasma membrane and dense granules of invasive and intracellular stages. To characterize the epitope recognized by 4E9, we probed a glycan array containing over 500 defined glycans together with a custom-made glycopeptide microarray containing glycopeptides from native mucins or\n            <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>\n            gp40 and gp15. 4E9 exhibited no binding to the glycan array but bound strongly to glycopeptides from native mucins or gp40 on the glycopeptide array, suggesting that the antibody epitope contains both peptide and glycan moieties. 4E9 only recognized glycopeptides with adjacent S or T residues in the motif S*\/T*-\n            <jats:italic>X-<\/jats:italic>\n            S*\/T* where\n            <jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0 or 1. These data define the 4E9 epitope and have implications for the inclusion of the epitope in the development of vaccines or other immune-based therapies.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00275-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]],"date-time":"2023-09-19T18:37:41Z","timestamp":1695148661000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Identification of the glycopeptide epitope recognized by a protective\n            <i>Cryptosporidium<\/i>\n            monoclonal antibody"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Seema","family":"Bhalchandra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koen","family":"Gevers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MSD Animal Health , Boxmeer, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Heimburg-Molinaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"van Roosmalen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MSD Animal Health , Boxmeer, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Coppens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8918-5034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard D.","family":"Cummings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9093-1698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Honorine D.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182014001085"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70772-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283437e88"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e328357e569"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e32833de052"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2007.02873.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2009.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/17460913.1.2.201"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1286-4579(02)01629-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.7.4108-4116.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.9.5167-5175.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00288-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0166-6851(98)00119-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.7.4117-4134.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s101420000028"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00944-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182395"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.5.1385-1392.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","article-title":"Cryptosporidium Parvum Sporozoites deposit trails of 11A5 antigen during gliding locomotion and shed 11A5 antigen during invasion of MDCK cells in vitro","volume":"41","author":"Gut J","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gut J , Nelson RG . 1994. 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