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We examined the enzymatic characteristics of DPP4 from\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. gingivalis<\/jats:named-content>\n            as well as two other periodontopathic bacteria,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Tannerella forsythia<\/jats:named-content>\n            and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Prevotella intermedia<\/jats:named-content>\n            , and determined whether it is capable of regulating blood glucose levels. Cell-associated DPP4 activity was found in those microorganisms, which was effectively suppressed by inhibitors of human DPP4, and molecules sized 73 kDa in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. gingivalis<\/jats:named-content>\n            , and 71 kDa in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. forsythia<\/jats:named-content>\n            and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. intermedia<\/jats:named-content>\n            were immunologically detected. The\n            <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>cat<\/jats:sub>\n            \/\n            <jats:italic>\n              K\n              <jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>\n            <\/jats:italic>\n            values of recombinant DPP4s ranged from 721 \u00b1 55 to 1,283 \u00b1 23 \u03bcM\n            <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n            s\n            <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n            toward Gly-Pro-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide (MCA), while those were much lower for His-Ala-MCA. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization\u2013time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis showed His\/Tyr-Ala dipeptide release from the N termini of incretins, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, respectively, with the action of microbial DPP4. Moreover, intravenous injection of DPP4 into mice decreased plasma active GLP-1 and insulin levels, accompanied by a substantial elevation in blood glucose over the control after oral glucose administration. These results are the first to show that periodontopathic bacterial DPP4 is capable of modulating blood glucose levels the same as mammalian DPP4; thus, the incidence of periodontopathic bacteremia may exacerbate diabetes mellitus via molecular events of bacterial DPP4 activities.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00277-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,20]],"date-time":"2017-06-20T00:40:37Z","timestamp":1497919237000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Degradation of Incretins and Modulation of Blood Glucose Levels by Periodontopathic Bacterial Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2822-7296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuko","family":"Ohara-Nemoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Molecular Biology, Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manami","family":"Nakasato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Microbiology, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Periodontology, Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry, Morioka, Iwate, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Shimoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Microbiology, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomomi T.","family":"Baba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Molecular Biology, Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Kobayakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Molecular Biology, Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshio","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Molecular Biology, Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Yaegashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Periodontology, Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry, Morioka, Iwate, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigenobu","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Hygiene, Kansai Women's College, Kashiwara, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayuki K.","family":"Nemoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Molecular Biology, Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034512457373"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1992.tb01808.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1998.tb02419.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2005.00113.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.1999.4.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.1998.3.1.51"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.2001.6.1.99"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2011.106"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2342-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1378"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"S135","article-title":"Effect of periodontal disease on diabetes: systematic review of epidemiologic observational evidence","volume":"84","author":"Borgnakke WS","year":"2013","unstructured":"Borgnakke WS Yl\u00f6stalo PV Taylor GW Genco RJ . 2013. 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