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We now report that a<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:named-content>strain deficient in expression of CPAF (L2-17) is no longer able to establish a successful infection in the mouse lower genital tract following an intravaginal inoculation. The L2-17 organisms were cleared from the mouse lower genital tract within a few days, while a CPAF-sufficient<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. trachomatis<\/jats:named-content>strain (L2-5) survived in the lower genital tract for more than 3 weeks. However, both the L2-17 and L2-5 organisms maintained robust infection courses that lasted up to 4 weeks when they were directly delivered into the mouse upper genital tract. The CPAF-dependent chlamydial survival in the lower genital tract was confirmed in multiple strains of mice. Thus, we have demonstrated a critical role of CPAF in promoting<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. trachomatis<\/jats:named-content>survival in the mouse lower genital tracts. It will be interesting to further investigate the mechanisms of the CPAF-dependent chlamydial pathogenicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00280-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,6]],"date-time":"2016-07-06T02:28:56Z","timestamp":1467772136000},"page":"2697-2702","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The Chlamydia-Secreted Protease CPAF Promotes Chlamydial Survival in the Mouse Lower Genital Tract"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Zhangsheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingli","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinic Diagnosis, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Schenken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Valdivia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangming","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","first-page":"680","article-title":"Evidence of chlamydial infection in infertile women with fallopian tube obstruction","volume":"46","author":"Sharma M","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sharma M, Sethi S, Daftari S, Malhotra S. 2003. 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